Hall G, Sundberg M L
Anal Verbal Behav. 1987;5:41-53. doi: 10.1007/BF03392819.
Skinner's (1957) analysis of verbal behavior suggests the functional independence of the verbal operants. However, only a few empirical studies have directly examined the nature of these operants, and their independence. The present study evaluated whether teaching topographies as tacts would lead to their emission as mands. The results indicated that manding only occurred reliably after direct mand training, which consisted of the use of imitative and tact prompts, and fading those prompts, to transfer stimulus control from nonverbal stimuli to conditioned establishing operations. The results contribute to the existing data on the functional independence of mands and tacts, as well as demonstrate the value of manipulating conditioned establishing operations for mand training.
斯金纳（1957年）对言语行为的分析表明言语操作具有功能独立性。然而，只有少数实证研究直接考察了这些操作的性质及其独立性。本研究评估了将行为表现形式作为触觉行为进行教学是否会导致其以指令行为的形式发出。结果表明，只有在直接的指令训练之后，指令行为才会可靠地出现，该训练包括使用模仿和触觉提示，并逐渐消除这些提示，以将刺激控制从非言语刺激转移到条件性建立操作。这些结果为关于指令行为和触觉行为功能独立性的现有数据做出了贡献，同时也证明了操纵条件性建立操作在指令训练中的价值。
