Davis Barbara Janine, Kahng Sungwoo, Coryat Kaitlin
University of Maryland, Baltimore County and Kennedy Krieger Institute.
Anal Verbal Behav. 2012;28(1):145-50. doi: 10.1007/BF03393116.
Research on the functional independence of verbal operants (Skinner, 1957) has demonstrated inconsistent findings. One explanation may be that these studies have not manipulated the motivating operation (MO) to facilitate the emergence of mands (Hall & Sundberg, 1987; Lamarre & Holland, 1985). In the current study, 1 participant, diagnosed with autism, was taught to tact high-preference and low-preference leisure items, and emergence of mands was tested under varying MO conditions. Results showed the emergence of mands following periods of arranged deprivation, and greater maintenance for a highly preferred relative to a less preferred stimulus. However, mands only emerged when presession tact trials were conducted. These results suggest that in a state of deprivation, transfer of stimulus control from discriminative to motivational conditions may occur without direct training.
关于言语行为操作的功能独立性的研究（斯金纳，1957年）已得出不一致的结果。一种解释可能是，这些研究没有操控动机性操作（MO）来促进指令（mands）的出现（霍尔和桑德伯格，1987年；拉马尔和霍兰德，1985年）。在当前的研究中，一名被诊断患有自闭症的参与者被教导辨别高偏好和低偏好的休闲物品，并在不同的动机性操作条件下测试指令的出现情况。结果显示，在安排的剥夺期后出现了指令，并且相对于不太偏好的刺激物，对高度偏好的刺激物的维持效果更好。然而，指令仅在课前辨别性操作试验进行时才出现。这些结果表明，在剥夺状态下，刺激控制可能会在没有直接训练的情况下从辨别性条件转移到动机性条件。
