Stoddard L T, Sidman M, Brady J V
Anal Verbal Behav. 1988;6:33-44. doi: 10.1007/BF03392827.
Operant laboratory studies were conducted as part of the regular activities of a psychiatric research ward. This report includes only some early data obtained from the ward staff, not the patients. A multiple schedule having alternating fixed-ratio and fixed-interval components permitted observations of acquisition and maintenance of behavior at low schedule values, transition to and final performance at greater schedule values, and behavioral changes after a limited-hold contingency was added to the fixed-interval. Prior to the added limited-hold, subjects used watches to time the interval, and usually responded only once before obtaining each fixed-interval reinforcement. Short limited-hold values eliminated clock watching and increased fixed-interval responding. Subjects communicated freely with each other, and it was clear that their performances were controlled both by the contingencies and by instructions. Just as clearly, the instructions themselves were controlled by the contingencies. It was concluded that the kinds of verbal control that were responsible for "nonstandard" fixed-interval performances did not require the postulation of any new behavioral principles.
操作性实验室研究是作为一个精神科研究病房的常规活动的一部分进行的。本报告仅包括从病房工作人员那里获得的一些早期数据，而非患者的数据。一个具有交替固定比率和固定间隔成分的多重时间表允许观察在低时间表值下行为的习得和维持、向更高时间表值的过渡和最终表现，以及在固定间隔中添加有限制停留条件后的行为变化。在添加有限制停留之前，受试者使用手表来计时间隔，并且通常在每次获得固定间隔强化之前只做出一次反应。短的有限制停留值消除了看时钟的行为并增加了固定间隔反应。受试者彼此自由交流，很明显他们的表现既受条件制约也受指令控制。同样明显的是，指令本身也受条件制约。得出的结论是，导致“非标准”固定间隔表现的那种言语控制并不需要假定任何新的行为原则。
