大鼠和鸽子在简单及多重强化程序中的行为动量测试。
Tests of behavior momentum in simple and multiple schedules with rats and pigeons.
作者信息
Cohen S L, Riley D S, Weigle P A
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1993 Sep;60(2):255-91. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1993.60-255.
Four experiments examined the relationship between rate of reinforcement and resistance to change in rats' and pigeons' responses under simple and multiple schedules of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, 28 rats responded under either simple fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval, or variable-interval schedules; in Experiment 2, 3 pigeons responded under simple fixed-ratio schedules. Under each schedule, rate of reinforcement varied across four successive conditions. In Experiment 3, 14 rats responded under either a multiple fixed-ratio schedule or a multiple fixed-interval schedule, each with two components that differed in rate of reinforcement. In Experiment 4, 7 pigeons responded under either a multiple fixed-ratio or a multiple fixed-interval schedule, each with three components that also differed in rate of reinforcement. Under each condition of each experiment, resistance to change was studied by measuring schedule-controlled performance under conditions with prefeeding, response-independent food during the schedule or during timeouts that separated components of the multiple schedules, and by measuring behavior under extinction. There were no consistent differences between rats and pigeons. There was no direct relationship between rates of reinforcement and resistance to change when rates of reinforcement varied across successive conditions in the simple schedules. By comparison, in the multiple schedules there was a direct relationship between rates of reinforcement and resistance to change during most tests of resistance to change. The major exception was delivering response-independent food during the schedule; this disrupted responding, but there was no direct relationship between rates of reinforcement and resistance to change in simple- or multiple-schedule contexts. The data suggest that rate of reinforcement determines resistance to change in multiple schedules, but that this relationship does not hold under simple schedules.
四项实验研究了在简单和多重强化程序下，大鼠和鸽子反应的强化速率与对变化的抵抗力之间的关系。在实验1中，28只大鼠在简单固定比率、可变比率、固定间隔或可变间隔程序下做出反应；在实验2中，3只鸽子在简单固定比率程序下做出反应。在每个程序下，强化速率在四个连续条件下有所变化。在实验3中，14只大鼠在多重固定比率程序或多重固定间隔程序下做出反应，每个程序有两个强化速率不同的组成部分。在实验4中，7只鸽子在多重固定比率或多重固定间隔程序下做出反应，每个程序有三个强化速率也不同的组成部分。在每个实验的每个条件下，通过在预喂食、程序期间或分隔多重程序组成部分的超时期间的非反应性食物条件下测量程序控制的表现，以及通过测量消退期间的行为，来研究对变化的抵抗力。大鼠和鸽子之间没有一致的差异。当简单程序中强化速率在连续条件下变化时，强化速率与对变化的抵抗力之间没有直接关系。相比之下，在多重程序中，在大多数对变化的抵抗力测试中，强化速率与对变化的抵抗力之间存在直接关系。主要的例外是在程序期间提供非反应性食物；这扰乱了反应，但在简单或多重程序背景下，强化速率与对变化的抵抗力之间没有直接关系。数据表明，强化速率决定了多重程序中对变化的抵抗力，但这种关系在简单程序下不成立。
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