Moxley Roy A
Allen Hall, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
Behav Anal. 2003 Spring;26(1):111-30. doi: 10.1007/BF03392070.
B. F. Skinner credited Bertrand Russell with converting him to behaviorism and with writing one of the books that most influenced him. Particularly in Skinner's early work, there are similarities between Skinner and Russell that extend across mathematics, determinism, positivism, verbal behavior, future communities, evolution, and pragmatism. Later, Skinner's views changed, and he parted company with Russell in most of these areas. Perhaps the most dramatic and fundamental departure came when Skinner embraced pragmatism, which Russell said he "hated." However, there was a time during which Russell wrote favorably of pragmatism as a view for science. Although the similarities between Skinner and Russell may have resulted from common cultural influences, Russell appears to deserve credit for leading Skinner into the stimulus-response behaviorism of two-term necessities; he may also deserve some credit for helping to lead him out of it and into the selectionist behaviorism of three-term contingencies.
B. F. 斯金纳认为伯特兰·罗素使他转向了行为主义，并撰写了对他影响最大的书籍之一。特别是在斯金纳的早期作品中，斯金纳和罗素在数学、决定论、实证主义、言语行为、未来社群、进化和实用主义等方面存在相似之处。后来，斯金纳的观点发生了变化，他在这些领域中的大多数方面都与罗素分道扬镳。也许最显著和最根本的分歧出现在斯金纳接受实用主义时，而罗素曾表示他“厌恶”实用主义。然而，有一段时间罗素曾对实用主义作为一种科学观点给予好评。尽管斯金纳和罗素之间的相似之处可能源于共同的文化影响，但罗素似乎值得称赞，因为他引导斯金纳进入了二项必然性的刺激 - 反应行为主义；他或许也应因帮助引导斯金纳摆脱这种行为主义并进入三项偶然性的选择主义行为主义而受到一些赞誉。
