LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Paris, France.
IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2012 Mar;59(3):391-410. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2012.2208.
We give an overview of the work done with the Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais-Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace (LNE-SYRTE) fountain ensemble during the last five years. After a description of the clock ensemble, comprising three fountains, FO1, FO2, and FOM, and the newest developments, we review recent studies of several systematic frequency shifts. This includes the distributed cavity phase shift, which we evaluate for the FO1 and FOM fountains, applying the techniques of our recent work on FO2. We also report calculations of the microwave lensing frequency shift for the three fountains, review the status of the blackbody radiation shift, and summarize recent experimental work to control microwave leakage and spurious phase perturbations. We give current accuracy budgets. We also describe several applications in time and frequency metrology: fountain comparisons, calibrations of the international atomic time, secondary representation of the SI second based on the (87)Rb hyperfine frequency, absolute measurements of optical frequencies, tests of the T2L2 satellite laser link, and review fundamental physics applications of the LNE-SYRTE fountain ensemble. Finally, we give a summary of the tests of the PHARAO cold atom space clock performed using the FOM transportable fountain.
我们概述了法国国家计量与测试研究院时间与空间参考系统实验室（LNE-SYRTE） fountain 钟组在过去五年中的工作。在介绍了由三个 fountain 钟 FO1、FO2 和 FOM 组成的钟组以及最新进展后，我们回顾了最近对几种系统频率偏移的研究。这包括分布式腔相位偏移，我们对 FO1 和 FOM fountain 钟进行了评估，应用了我们最近对 FO2 的研究技术。我们还报告了三个 fountain 钟的微波透镜频率偏移的计算，回顾了黑体辐射偏移的现状，并总结了最近控制微波泄漏和杂散相位干扰的实验工作。我们给出了当前的精度预算。我们还描述了时间和频率计量中的几种应用： fountain 钟比较、国际原子时的校准、基于 (87)Rb 超精细频率的 SI 秒的二次表示、光学频率的绝对测量、T2L2 卫星激光链路的测试以及 LNE-SYRTE fountain 钟组在基础物理应用中的测试。最后，我们总结了使用 FOM 可运输 fountain 钟进行的 PHARAO 冷原子空间时钟的测试。
