University of Groningen, Department of Psychology, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.
Conscious Cogn. 2012 Jun;21(2):1031-6. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.02.014. Epub 2012 Apr 6.
Insight problem solving is hindered by automated verbal-conceptual processes. Because mindfulness meditation training aims at "nonconceptual awareness" which involves a reduced influence of habitual verbal-conceptual processes on the interpretation of ongoing experience, mindfulness may facilitate insight problem solving. This hypothesis was examined across two studies (total N=157). Participants in both studies completed a measure of trait mindfulness and a series of insight and noninsight problems. Further, participants in Study 2 completed measures of positive affect and a mindfulness or control training. The results indicated that (a) trait mindfulness predicts better insight but not noninsight problem solving (both studies), (b) this relation is maintained when controlling for positive affect (Study 2), (c) mindfulness training improves insight but not noninsight problem solving (Study 2) and (d) this improvement is partially mediated by state mindfulness (Study 2). These findings are the first to document a direct relation between mindfulness and creativity.
洞察力问题解决受到自动化言语概念过程的阻碍。因为正念冥想训练旨在实现“非概念性意识”，这涉及到习惯性言语概念过程对正在进行的经验的解释的影响减少，因此正念可能有助于洞察力问题的解决。这一假设在两项研究中得到了检验（总人数=157）。两项研究中的参与者都完成了一项特质正念和一系列洞察力和非洞察力问题的测试。此外，研究 2 的参与者还完成了积极情绪和正念或控制训练的测试。结果表明：（a）特质正念预测更好的洞察力，但不能预测非洞察力问题解决（两项研究）；（b）当控制积极情绪时，这种关系仍然存在（研究 2）；（c）正念训练可以提高洞察力问题的解决能力，但不能提高非洞察力问题的解决能力（研究 2）；（d）这种提高部分是由状态正念介导的（研究 2）。这些发现首次记录了正念与创造力之间的直接关系。
