Department of Psychology, Science Complex, Psychology Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA.
J Pers Disord. 2012 Apr;26(2):162-78. doi: 10.1521/pedi.2012.26.2.162.
The Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS) suggests that personality is best understood as a collection of situationally consistent traits that are expressed contingent upon features of the situation that elicit them. This differs from the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality, in which personality is believed to be composed of five broad trait domains that are observed consistently across multiple situations. In this study, 202 licensed members of a state psychological association assigned diagnoses to written case studies that were created out of situationally specific descriptions of Axis II criteria. The accuracy of these diagnoses were compared to case studies written from FFM trait descriptions representative of the same Axis II disorders (schizoid, narcissistic, and obsessive compulsive) and to case studies taken from published DSM case books. Results demonstrated that cases constructed with the CAPS descriptions yielded more accurate diagnoses in two of the three cases compared to FFM trait description cases and equivalent diagnostic accuracy when using the DSM-IV. Based on these initial findings, it appears that clinicians may be able to judge personality disorders better with situationally specific, or context-dependent, information than simple trait descriptions.
认知情感加工系统 (CAPS) 认为，人格最好被理解为一系列情境一致的特质的集合，这些特质是根据引发它们的情境特征表现出来的。这与人格的五因素模型 (FFM) 不同，后者认为人格由五个广泛的特质领域组成，这些特质在多个情境中是一致观察到的。在这项研究中，202 名州心理协会的持照会员根据 Axis II 标准的情境特定描述为书面案例研究分配诊断。这些诊断的准确性与基于相同 Axis II 障碍（分裂型、自恋型和强迫症）的 FFM 特质描述的案例研究以及来自已发表的 DSM 案例书籍的案例研究进行了比较。结果表明，与 FFM 特质描述案例相比，用 CAPS 描述构建的案例在三个案例中的两个案例中产生了更准确的诊断，并且与使用 DSM-IV 时的诊断准确性相当。基于这些初步发现，似乎临床医生可以通过情境特定或上下文相关的信息而不是简单的特质描述更好地判断人格障碍。
