Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
J Pers Disord. 2011 Jun;25(3):364-77. doi: 10.1521/pedi.2011.25.3.364.
There is general agreement that the classification of personality disorders in DSM-IV is unsatisfactory. We systematically reviewed all studies that have analyzed patterns of personality disorder symptoms and signs in psychiatric patients; twenty-two papers were included in the final synthesis. There is reasonable consistency over the number and type of personality pathology traits reported despite differing samples, varying assessment methods, and different statistical manipulations. There are three or four high order traits; an externalizing factor incorporating borderline, narcissistic, histrionic, and antisocial traits (the latter is sometimes recorded as a separate trait); an internalizing factor incorporating avoidant and dependent traits; a schizoid factor; and often a compulsive factor. Using these domains of personality pathology would simplify classification, have higher clinical utility, and allow relatively easy translation of current research.
普遍认为，DSM-IV 中的人格障碍分类并不令人满意。我们系统地回顾了所有分析精神病人人格障碍症状和体征模式的研究；最终综合分析包括 22 篇论文。尽管样本不同、评估方法不同、统计处理方法不同，但所报告的人格病理特征的数量和类型具有相当的一致性。有三四个高阶特质；一个外显因素包含边缘型、自恋型、表演型和反社会型特质（后者有时被记录为一个单独的特质）；一个内隐因素包含回避型和依赖型特质；一个分裂型特质；通常还有一个强迫型特质。使用这些人格病理领域将简化分类，具有更高的临床实用性，并允许当前研究相对容易地转化。
