Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Medicine, IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
Clin Sci (Lond). 2012 Sep;123(6):361-73. doi: 10.1042/CS20110477.
A reduction in EPC (endothelial progenitor cell) number could explain the development and progression of atherosclerosis in the MetS (metabolic syndrome). Although much research in recent years has focused on the Mediterranean dietary pattern and the MetS, the effect of this diet with/without moderate-to-high-intensity endurance training on EPCs levels and CrF (cardiorespiratory fitness) remains unclear. In the present study, the objective was to assess the effect of a Mediterranean diet hypocaloric model with and without moderate-to-high-intensity endurance training on EPC number and CrF of MetS patients. Thus 45 MetS patients (50-66 years) were randomized to a 12-week intervention with the hypocaloric MeD (Mediterranean diet) or the MeDE (MeD plus moderate-to-high-intensity endurance training). Training included two weekly supervised sessions [80% MaxHR (maximum heart rate); leg and arm pedalling] and one at-home session (65-75% MaxHR; walking controlled by heart rate monitors). Changes in: (i) EPC number [CD34(+)KDR(+) (kinase insert domain-containing receptor)], (ii) CrF variables and (iii) MetS components and IRH (ischaemic reactive hyperaemia) were determined at the end of the study. A total of 40 subjects completed all 12 weeks of the study, with 20 in each group. The MeDE led to a greater increase in EPC numbers and CrF than did the MeD intervention (P ≤ 0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was observed between the increase in EPCs and fitness in the MeDE group (r=0.72; r(2)=0.52; P ≤ 0.001). Body weight loss, insulin sensitivity, TAGs (triacylglycerols) and blood pressure showed a greater decrease in the MeDE than MeD groups. Furthermore, IRH was only improved after the MeDE intervention. In conclusion, compliance with moderate-to-high-intensity endurance training enhances the positive effects of a model of MeD on the regenerative capacity of endothelium and on the fitness of MetS patients.
EPC（内皮祖细胞）数量的减少可能可以解释代谢综合征（MetS）中动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。尽管近年来许多研究都集中在地中海饮食模式和 MetS 上，但这种饮食模式与中高强度耐力训练对 EPC 水平和 CrF（心肺适能）的影响仍不清楚。在本研究中，目的是评估低热量地中海饮食模型与中高强度耐力训练相结合对 MetS 患者的 EPC 数量和 CrF 的影响。因此，将 45 名 MetS 患者（50-66 岁）随机分为 12 周的低热量 MeD（地中海饮食）或 MeDE（地中海饮食加中高强度耐力训练）干预组。训练包括每周两次监督课程[80%最大心率（最大心率）；腿部和手臂踩踏]和一次家庭课程（65-75%最大心率；通过心率监测器控制步行）。在研究结束时，确定了：（i）EPC 数量[CD34（+）KDR（+）（激酶插入结构域受体）]，（ii）CrF 变量和（iii）MetS 成分和 IRH（缺血性反应性充血）的变化。共有 40 名受试者完成了所有 12 周的研究，每组 20 名。与 MeD 干预相比，MeDE 导致 EPC 数量和 CrF 的增加更大（P ≤ 0.001）。此外，在 MeDE 组中观察到 EPC 增加与健康之间存在正相关（r=0.72；r（2）=0.52；P ≤ 0.001）。与 MeD 组相比，体重减轻、胰岛素敏感性、TAG（三酰甘油）和血压在 MeDE 组中下降幅度更大。此外，仅在 MeDE 干预后才改善了 IRH。总之，遵守中高强度耐力训练可增强低热量地中海饮食模型对内皮再生能力和 MetS 患者健康的积极影响。
