Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Vascular Disease, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
Diabetes. 2012 Jul;61(7):1669-79. doi: 10.2337/db11-1521. Epub 2012 Apr 9.
Fat and physical inactivity are the most evident factors in the pathogenesis of obesity, and fat quality seems to play a crucial role for measures of glucose homeostasis. However, the impact of dietary fat quality on brain function, behavior, and sleep is basically unknown. In this study, mice were fed a diet supplemented with either monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and their impact on glucose homeostasis, locomotion, brain activity, and sleep behavior was evaluated. MUFAs and SFAs led to a significant increase in fat mass but only feeding of SFAs was accompanied by glucose intolerance in mice. Radiotelemetry revealed a significant decrease in cortical activity in SFA-mice whereas MUFAs even improved activity. SFAs decreased wakefulness and increased non-rapid eye movement sleep. An intracerebroventricular application of insulin promoted locomotor activity in MUFA-fed mice, whereas SFA-mice were resistant. In humans, SFA-enriched diet led to a decrease in hippocampal and cortical activity determined by functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Together, dietary intake of MUFAs promoted insulin action in the brain with its beneficial effects for cortical activity, locomotion, and sleep, whereas a comparable intake of SFAs acted as a negative modulator of brain activity in mice and humans.
肥胖的发病机制中最明显的因素是脂肪和身体活动不足，而脂肪质量似乎对葡萄糖稳态的衡量起着至关重要的作用。然而，饮食脂肪质量对大脑功能、行为和睡眠的影响基本上是未知的。在这项研究中，给小鼠喂食补充了单不饱和脂肪酸 (MUFAs) 或饱和脂肪酸 (SFAs) 的饮食，并评估其对葡萄糖稳态、运动、大脑活动和睡眠行为的影响。MUFAs 和 SFAs 导致脂肪量显著增加，但只有 SFAs 的喂养会导致小鼠出现葡萄糖不耐受。无线电遥测显示 SFA 组小鼠大脑皮质活动显著下降，而 MUFAs 甚至改善了大脑皮质活动。SFA 减少了清醒期，增加了非快速眼动睡眠。脑室内注射胰岛素可促进 MUFA 喂养小鼠的运动活动，而 SFA 组则对此产生抵抗。在人类中，富含 SFA 的饮食会通过功能磁共振成像技术导致海马体和皮质活动的减少。总的来说，MUFAs 的饮食摄入促进了大脑中的胰岛素作用，对大脑皮质活动、运动和睡眠有有益的影响，而相当量的 SFA 则作为大脑活动的负调节剂在小鼠和人类中发挥作用。
