Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Hypertension. 2012 Jun;59(6):1272-7. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.190991. Epub 2012 Apr 9.
We aimed to prospectively examine the association between the glycemic index and glycemic load of foods consumed and the dietary intakes of carbohydrates, sugars, fiber, and principal carbohydrate-containing food groups (eg, breads, cereals, and sugary drinks) with changes in blood pressure during adolescence. A total of 858 students aged 12 years at baseline (422 girls and 436 boys) were examined from 2004-2005 to 2009-2011. Dietary data were assessed from validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. Blood pressure was measured using a standard protocol. In girls, after adjusting for age, ethnicity, parental education, parental history of hypertension, baseline height, baseline blood pressure, change in body mass index, and time spent in physical and sedentary activities, each 1-SD (1-SD = 7.10 g/d) increase in baseline dietary intake of total fiber was associated with a 0.96-, 0.62-, and 0.75-mmHg decrease in mean systolic (P = 0.02), diastolic (P = 0.01), and arterial blood pressures (P = 0.002), respectively, 5 years later. In girls, each 1-SD increase in dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, carbohydrate, and fructose was concurrently related to increases of 1.81 (P = 0.001), 4.02 (P = 0.01), 4.74 (P = 0.01), and 1.80 mm Hg (P = 0.03) in systolic blood pressure, respectively, >5 years. Significant associations between carbohydrate nutrition variables and blood pressure were not observed among boys. Excessive dietary intake of carbohydrates, specifically from high glycemic index/glycemic load foods, could adversely influence blood pressure, particularly in girls, whereas fiber-rich diets may be protective against elevated blood pressure during adolescence.
我们旨在前瞻性地研究青少年时期食物的血糖指数和血糖负荷以及碳水化合物、糖、纤维和主要含碳水化合物的食物组（如面包、谷物和含糖饮料）的饮食摄入量与血压变化之间的关系。共有 858 名年龄在 12 岁的学生（422 名女孩和 436 名男孩）于 2004-2005 年至 2009-2011 年进行了检查。通过验证后的半定量食物频率问卷评估饮食数据。使用标准方案测量血压。在女孩中，在校正年龄、种族、父母教育程度、父母高血压病史、基线身高、基线血压、体重指数变化和体力活动及久坐时间后，基线膳食纤维总摄入量每增加 1-SD（1-SD = 7.10 g/d），平均收缩压分别降低 0.96、0.62 和 0.75mmHg（P = 0.02）、舒张压（P = 0.01）和动脉血压（P = 0.002），分别为 5 年后。在女孩中，膳食纤维血糖指数、血糖负荷、碳水化合物和果糖每增加 1-SD，分别与收缩压升高 1.81（P = 0.001）、4.02（P = 0.01）、4.74（P = 0.01）和 1.80mmHg（P = 0.03）相关，持续时间超过 5 年。在男孩中，碳水化合物营养变量与血压之间没有观察到显著关联。过多的碳水化合物摄入，特别是来自高血糖指数/血糖负荷的食物，可能会对血压产生不利影响，尤其是在女孩中，而富含纤维的饮食可能对青少年时期的血压升高具有保护作用。
