Tharp M D
Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.
Dermatol Clin. 1990 Oct;8(4):619-31.
Tissue mast cells play a central role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. The clinical manifestations of these reactions appear to be dependent, in large part, on the anatomic location of the stimulated mast cells and the type of mediators released. In vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the tissues in which mast cells reside may greatly influence their biochemical composition, expression of surface receptors, and response to potential stimuli. Although all human mast cells in different organs store similar concentrations of histamine, heparin, and tryptase, cutaneous mast cells appear to be the predominant source of mast cell-derived chymase. Furthermore, at the time of stimulation, human skin mast cells predominantly form PGD2, whereas lung and intestinal mast cells generate LTB4, LTC4, and PGD2. Functional studies indicate that human cutaneous mast cells differ from human lung, heart, and intestinal mast cells. Skin mast cells are responsive to a variety of immunologic and nonimmunologic stimuli in vitro, whereas human pulmonary, cardiac, and intestinal mast cells are relatively refractory to many of these stimulatory signals. Taken together, these observations indicate that mast cells may assume different, and possibly specialized, functions within a specific tissue. Such site-to-site variation potentially could have important clinical significance, to the extent that information gained from mast cells in one organ may not be applicable to a mast cell population in a different tissue. Furthermore, these differences among human mast cells may not be confined to their biochemical composition and responses to various stimuli, but also may extend to the effectiveness of different anti-allergic preparations. Therefore, these observations underscore the importance of continued detailed investigation of human mast cells from different anatomic sites.
组织肥大细胞在速发型超敏反应中起核心作用。这些反应的临床表现似乎在很大程度上取决于受刺激肥大细胞的解剖位置以及释放的介质类型。体内和体外研究表明，肥大细胞所在的组织可能极大地影响其生化组成、表面受体的表达以及对潜在刺激的反应。尽管不同器官中的所有人类肥大细胞储存的组胺、肝素和类胰蛋白酶浓度相似，但皮肤肥大细胞似乎是肥大细胞衍生的糜蛋白酶的主要来源。此外，在受到刺激时，人类皮肤肥大细胞主要形成前列腺素D2，而肺和肠道肥大细胞则产生白三烯B4、白三烯C4和前列腺素D2。功能研究表明，人类皮肤肥大细胞与人类肺、心脏和肠道肥大细胞不同。皮肤肥大细胞在体外对多种免疫和非免疫刺激有反应，而人类肺、心脏和肠道肥大细胞对许多这些刺激信号相对不敏感。综上所述，这些观察结果表明肥大细胞在特定组织内可能具有不同的、甚至可能是专门的功能。这种位点间的差异可能具有重要的临床意义，因为从一个器官的肥大细胞获得的信息可能不适用于不同组织中的肥大细胞群体。此外，人类肥大细胞之间的这些差异可能不仅限于其生化组成和对各种刺激的反应，还可能延伸到不同抗过敏制剂的有效性。因此，这些观察结果强调了继续详细研究来自不同解剖部位的人类肥大细胞的重要性。
