多种细胞机制可防止涉及重复 DNA 的染色体重排。
Multiple cellular mechanisms prevent chromosomal rearrangements involving repetitive DNA.
机构信息
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2703, USA.
出版信息
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2012 May-Jun;47(3):297-313. doi: 10.3109/10409238.2012.675644. Epub 2012 Apr 12.
Abstract
Repetitive DNA is present in the eukaryotic genome in the form of segmental duplications, tandem and interspersed repeats, and satellites. Repetitive sequences can be beneficial by serving specific cellular functions (e.g. centromeric and telomeric DNA) and by providing a rapid means for adaptive evolution. However, such elements are also substrates for deleterious chromosomal rearrangements that affect fitness and promote human disease. Recent studies analyzing the role of nuclear organization in DNA repair and factors that suppress non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) have provided insights into how genome stability is maintained in eukaryotes. In this review, we outline the types of repetitive sequences seen in eukaryotic genomes and how recombination mechanisms are regulated at the DNA sequence, cell organization, chromatin structure, and cell cycle control levels to prevent chromosomal rearrangements involving these sequences.
摘要
重复 DNA 以片段重复、串联和散在重复以及卫星的形式存在于真核基因组中。重复序列可以通过发挥特定的细胞功能（例如着丝粒和端粒 DNA）和提供快速适应进化的手段而具有有益性。然而，这些元件也是有害染色体重排的底物，会影响适应度并促进人类疾病。最近分析核组织在 DNA 修复中的作用以及抑制非等位基因同源重组（NAHR）的因素的研究，提供了对真核生物中如何维持基因组稳定性的深入了解。在这篇综述中，我们概述了真核基因组中存在的重复序列类型，以及如何在 DNA 序列、细胞组织、染色质结构和细胞周期控制水平上调节重组机制，以防止涉及这些序列的染色体重排。
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