Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan.
Brain Stimul. 2012 Apr;5(2):63-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2012.03.012. Epub 2012 Apr 3.
Inhibitory control mechanisms are important in a range of behaviours to prevent execution of motor acts which, having been planned, are no longer necessary or appropriate. Examples of this can be seen in a range of sports, such as cricket and baseball, where the choice between execution and inhibition of a bat swing must be made in a very brief time window. Deficits in inhibitory control have been associated with problems in behavioural regulation in impulsive violence as well as a range of clinical disorders. The roles of various areas, including the frontal eye fields (FEF), the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and the inferior frontal gyrus, in inhibitory control have been investigated using an inhibitory control task and both transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Typically effects on response inhibition but no effects on response generation have been seen. The contributions of these areas to performance seem to differ with, for example, pre-SMA being involved when the task is relatively novel whereas this is not the case for FEF. The findings from brain stimulation studies offer both insight into which areas are necessary for effective inhibitory control and recent extension of findings for the role of the inferior frontal gyrus illustrate how the specific functions by which these areas contribute may be further clarified. Future work, including making use of the temporal specificity of TMS and combination of TMS/tDCS with other neuroimaging techniques, may further clarify the nature and functions played by the network of areas involved in inhibitory control.
抑制控制机制在一系列行为中很重要，可防止执行已计划但不再必要或适当的运动行为。这种情况在各种运动中都可以看到，例如板球和棒球，在非常短的时间窗口内，必须在执行和抑制球拍挥击之间做出选择。抑制控制缺陷与冲动暴力行为以及一系列临床障碍中的行为调节问题有关。使用抑制控制任务以及经颅磁刺激 (TMS) 和经颅直流电刺激 (tDCS)，研究了包括额眼区 (FEF)、补充运动前区 (pre-SMA) 和下额回在内的各种区域在抑制控制中的作用。通常，对反应抑制有影响，但对反应产生没有影响。这些区域对表现的贡献似乎因任务而异，例如，当任务相对新颖时，pre-SMA 会参与其中，而 FEF 则不是这种情况。脑刺激研究的结果不仅提供了对有效抑制控制所需区域的深入了解，而且最近对下额回作用的发现也说明了这些区域的特定功能如何进一步得到阐明。未来的工作，包括利用 TMS 的时间特异性以及 TMS/tDCS 与其他神经影像学技术的结合，可能会进一步阐明参与抑制控制的区域网络的性质和功能。
