Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, 153 Dowling St., Woolloomooloo 2011, Australia.
Soc Sci Med. 2012 Jul;75(1):77-86. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.041. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
We used cross-sectional data to investigate whether current, past and never smokers report different levels of social interaction and whether the level of social interaction varied according to the type of interaction being measured. Self-reported questionnaire data were obtained from 239,043 men and women aged 45 years or older living in Australia between February 2006 and February 2010. The study participation rate was 18%. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the percentage differences in the mean values of four social interaction outcomes according to smoking status after adjusting for age, place of residence, income, education, health insurance status, physical limitation, psychological distress and exposure to passive smoke: number of times 1) spent with friends/family, 2) spoken on the telephone, 3) attended social meetings in the past week, and 4) number of people outside of home that can be depended upon. 7.6% of males and 6.9% of females were current smokers, 43.6% of males and 28.6% of females were ex-smokers and 48.8% of males and 64.5% of females had never smoked. Compared to never smokers, current smokers reported significantly fewer social interactions in the past week and had fewer people outside the home that they could depend on. Men and women current smokers attended 24.0% (95% CI, 20.3, 27.5) and 31.1% (95% CI, 28.1, 34.1) fewer social group meetings on average than never smokers. Smokers exposed to passive smoke reported higher levels of social interaction than those not exposed. Past smokers reported levels of social interaction that were intermediate to those of current and never smokers and the more years they had abstained from smoking, the more social interaction they reported on average. Our data are in line with previous research showing that smokers are not only worse off economically, physically and mentally, but are also less likely to be socially connected.
我们使用横断面数据来研究当前吸烟者、曾经吸烟者和从不吸烟者报告的社会交往水平是否不同，以及社会交往水平是否因所测量的交往类型而异。2006 年 2 月至 2010 年 2 月期间，澳大利亚年龄在 45 岁及以上的 239043 名男性和女性提供了自我报告的问卷调查数据。研究参与率为 18%。调整年龄、居住地、收入、教育程度、医疗保险状况、身体限制、心理困扰和被动吸烟暴露等因素后，使用泊松回归模型估计四种社会交往结果的平均值在吸烟状况之间的百分比差异：1）与朋友/家人共度的次数；2）通过电话交谈的次数；3）过去一周参加社交聚会的次数；4）家中以外可以依靠的人数。7.6%的男性和 6.9%的女性为当前吸烟者，43.6%的男性和 28.6%的女性为曾经吸烟者，48.8%的男性和 64.5%的女性为从不吸烟者。与从不吸烟者相比，当前吸烟者过去一周的社会交往明显减少，家中可依靠的人也较少。男性和女性当前吸烟者参加社交团体会议的平均次数分别比从不吸烟者少 24.0%（95%CI，20.3，27.5）和 31.1%（95%CI，28.1，34.1）。接触被动吸烟的吸烟者比未接触者报告的社会交往水平更高。曾经吸烟者的社会交往水平处于当前吸烟者和从不吸烟者之间，且他们戒烟的年限越长，平均社会交往水平越高。我们的数据与先前的研究结果一致，即吸烟者不仅在经济、身体和精神方面状况更差，而且社会联系也更少。
