Montoya Roberto C, Gajra Ajeet
Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
Adv Hematol. 2012;2012:856341. doi: 10.1155/2012/856341. Epub 2012 Mar 8.
Venous Thromboembolism, manifested as deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a common problem associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and resource expenditure. Unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and vitamin K antagonists are the most common treatment and prophylaxis, and have demonstrated their efficacy in a vast number of previous studies. Despite their broad use, these agents have important limitations that have led to the development of new drugs in a bid to overcome the disadvantages of the old ones without decreasing their therapeutic effect. These novel medications, some approved and others in different stages of development, include direct thrombin inhibitors like dabigatran etexilate, and direct activated factor X inhibitors like rivaroxaban. The current paper will review the characteristics, clinical trial results, and current and potential therapeutic uses of these new agents with a focus on the categories of direct thrombin inhibitors and activated factor X inhibitors.
静脉血栓栓塞表现为深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞，是一个常见问题，会导致显著的发病率、死亡率和资源消耗。普通肝素、低分子量肝素和维生素K拮抗剂是最常见的治疗和预防药物，并且在大量既往研究中已证明其疗效。尽管这些药物广泛应用，但它们存在重要局限性，这促使人们研发新药，以在不降低治疗效果的前提下克服旧药的缺点。这些新型药物，有些已获批，有些正处于不同的研发阶段，包括达比加群酯等直接凝血酶抑制剂以及利伐沙班等直接活化因子X抑制剂。本文将综述这些新药的特点、临床试验结果以及当前和潜在的治疗用途，重点关注直接凝血酶抑制剂和活化因子X抑制剂类别。
