Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Center for Biosystematics and Biodiversity, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2258, USA.
J Fish Biol. 2012 Apr;80(5):1120-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03206.x. Epub 2012 Jan 19.
Application of modern molecular tools is expanding the understanding of elasmobranch reproductive ecology. High-resolution molecular markers provide information at scales ranging from the identification of reproductively isolated populations in sympatry (i.e. cryptic species) to the relationships among parents, offspring and siblings. This avenue of study has not only augmented the current understanding of the reproductive biology of elasmobranchs but has also provided novel insights that could not be obtained through experimental or observational techniques. Sharing of genetic polymorphisms across ocean basins indicates that for some species there may be gene flow on global scales. The presence, however, of morphologically similar but genetically distinct entities in sympatry suggests that reproductive isolation can occur with minimal morphological differentiation. This review discusses the recent findings in elasmobranch reproductive biology like philopatry, hybridization and polyandry while highlighting important molecular and analytical techniques. Furthermore, the review examines gaps in current knowledge and discusses how new technologies may be applied to further the understanding of elasmobranch reproductive ecology.
现代分子工具的应用正在拓展人们对软骨鱼类生殖生态学的理解。高分辨率分子标记提供了从同域生殖隔离种群识别（即隐存种）到亲代、后代和兄弟姐妹之间关系等不同尺度的信息。这一研究途径不仅增加了人们对软骨鱼类生殖生物学的现有认识，还提供了通过实验或观察技术无法获得的新见解。遗传多态性在各大洋之间的共享表明，对于某些物种，可能存在全球范围内的基因流动。然而，在同域存在形态相似但遗传上不同的实体表明，生殖隔离可以在最小的形态分化下发生。本文综述了软骨鱼类生殖生物学方面的最新研究成果，如恋地性、杂交和多配偶制，同时强调了重要的分子和分析技术。此外，本文还探讨了当前知识的空白，并讨论了新技术如何应用于进一步了解软骨鱼类生殖生态学。
