Manning D P, Cooper J E, Jones C, Bruce M
Medical Commission on Accident Prevention, London.
J R Soc Med. 1990 Nov;83(11):686-9. doi: 10.1177/014107689008301105.
Over a million injuries caused by slipping of footwear are believed to require treatment by doctors every year in the United Kingdom and many domestic animals are injured by slipping. Recent research has revealed that surface roughness of solings and floors is an important determinant of grip on lubricated surfaces and it is also known that soling friction is affected by hardness. The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) an animal species which has adapted to a slippery environment, was studied to elucidate optimum roughness and hardness and other features which influence grip. Four adult ewes were examined in the London Zoo. The cloven hooves of this species are very mobile and the cranial tips of the hooves are the first parts to make contact with the ground. A very small contact area ensures penetration of a film of water. Mean roughness of the contact area was found to be 53 microns Rtm and the mean hardness 63 Shore A. These characteristics appear to facilitate an excellent grip on wet slippery rock but not on smooth ice. Further studies of the feet of wild species could contribute to an understanding of the factors which determine the safety of solings and floors.
在英国，每年据信有超过100万起因鞋子滑倒导致的受伤事件需要医生治疗，而且许多家畜也因滑倒而受伤。最近的研究表明，鞋底和地面的表面粗糙度是润滑表面上抓地力的一个重要决定因素，并且还知道鞋底摩擦力受硬度影响。为了阐明最佳粗糙度、硬度以及其他影响抓地力的特征，对适应了滑溜环境的动物物种大角羊（加拿大盘羊）进行了研究。在伦敦动物园对四只成年母羊进行了检查。该物种的偶蹄非常灵活，蹄的前端是最先接触地面的部分。非常小的接触面积确保了水膜的渗透。发现接触区域的平均粗糙度为53微米Rtm，平均硬度为63邵氏A。这些特征似乎有助于在湿滑的岩石上实现出色的抓地力，但在光滑的冰面上则不然。对野生动物足部的进一步研究可能有助于理解决定鞋底和地面安全性的因素。
