Department of Aged Care and Rehabilitation, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Oct;93(10):1685-91. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.03.033. Epub 2012 Apr 12.
To measure the extent to which improved sensorimotor function and balance resulting from a 12-week exercise intervention were retained 12 weeks after exercise cessation in older adults recently discharged from hospital.
Randomized controlled trial with reassessment 12 weeks after exercise cessation.
Home-based exercises.
Adults (N=180) aged 65 years and older recently discharged from hospital (mean length of stay, 12.3±10.6d).
Weight-bearing (WB) exercises (n=60), seated resistance (SR) exercises (n=60), or social visits (n=60).
Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA), a composite sensorimotor fall-risk score, and 2 measures of controlled leaning balance assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention (12wk, 95% assessed), and again 12 weeks later (24wk, 92% assessed).
After the initial improvements in outcomes found at 12 weeks, both the SR and WB exercise groups showed detraining effects at 24 weeks. The PPA fall-risk scores for both SR and WB groups returned to close to baseline values, and there was no significant difference between groups at 24 weeks when controlling for baseline scores (P=.924). WB exercise participants lost up to half of the improvement in the maximal balance range and coordinated stability tests. There was no difference between groups for the maximal balance range test at 24 weeks when controlling for baseline scores (P=.207), but between-group differences were maintained for the coordinated stability test (P=.017).
Balance improvements and fall-risk reductions associated with a 12-week home-based exercise program in older adults were partially to totally lost 12 weeks after the cessation of the intervention. These significant detraining effects suggest that sustained adherence to falls prevention exercise programs is required to reduce fall risk.
测量 12 周运动干预后，老年患者的感觉运动功能和平衡能力改善的持续时间，这些患者最近从医院出院。
停止运动后 12 周重新评估的随机对照试验。
家庭运动。
年龄在 65 岁及以上的成年人，最近从医院出院（平均住院时间为 12.3±10.6d）。
负重（WB）运动（n=60）、坐姿抵抗（SR）运动（n=60）或社交访问（n=60）。
生理概况评估（PPA），一种综合感觉运动跌倒风险评分，以及 2 种受控倾斜平衡测量，在基线、干预后 12 周（95%评估）和 12 周后再次评估（24 周，92%评估）。
在最初的 12 周改善后，SR 和 WB 运动组在 24 周时都出现了脱训效应。SR 和 WB 组的 PPA 跌倒风险评分恢复到接近基线值，在控制基线评分后，24 周时两组之间无显著差异（P=.924）。WB 运动组在最大平衡范围和协调稳定性测试中失去了多达一半的改善。在控制基线评分后，24 周时两组最大平衡范围测试之间无差异（P=.207），但协调稳定性测试的组间差异仍保持（P=.017）。
与 12 周家庭运动方案相关的平衡改善和跌倒风险降低，在干预停止后 12 周内部分或完全丧失。这些显著的脱训效应表明，需要持续坚持预防跌倒的运动方案，以降低跌倒风险。
