Materials Science and Engineering, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.
Curr Opin Hematol. 2012 Jul;19(4):250-5. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e328353c714.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) mature to form all blood cells and the study into how HSC fate decisions are made has exploded in recent years. In an effort to fully understand the function and organization of HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), many groups have identified the microenvironment in which they reside as playing a key role. This review highlights the findings within the last 18 months on the cells and molecules shown to be important within the bone marrow HSC niche for HSC regulation.
Previous research has heavily concentrated on the role of osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), reticular stromal cells, endothelial cells and nerve cells. More recently, research has not only expanded on the role of these cells, but has also shown that mature hematopoietic cells such as macrophages and megakaryocytes are also important in the maintenance of hematopoiesis within the HSC niche.
Identifying and understanding the roles of all cells comprising the HSC niche coupled with the development of better 3D imaging and 3D in-vitro mimicking of the HSC niche will increase our understanding of where HSCs reside and how they are regulated. Research will lead to better manipulation of HSCs for mobilization, homing and hematopoietic reconstitution following injury or disease.
综述目的：造血干细胞（HSCs）成熟后可形成所有血细胞，近年来，关于 HSC 命运决定的研究取得了突破性进展。为了全面了解 HSCs 和造血祖细胞（HPCs）的功能和组织，许多研究小组发现，它们所处的微环境起着关键作用。本综述重点介绍了过去 18 个月内关于骨髓 HSC 龛中对 HSC 调节至关重要的细胞和分子的研究结果。
最新发现：以前的研究主要集中在成骨细胞、间充质干细胞（MSCs）、网状基质细胞、内皮细胞和神经细胞的作用上。最近的研究不仅扩展了这些细胞的作用，还表明成熟的造血细胞，如巨噬细胞和巨核细胞，在维持 HSC 龛内造血中也很重要。
总结：鉴定和理解构成 HSC 龛的所有细胞的作用，以及开发更好的 3D 成像和 3D 体外模拟 HSC 龛，将增加我们对 HSCs 所处位置以及它们如何受到调控的理解。研究将有助于更好地操纵 HSCs，以促进其在损伤或疾病后动员、归巢和造血重建。
