Bretz Walter A, Biesbrock Aaron, Corby Patricia M, Corby Andrea L, Bretz Walter G, Wessel Jennifer, Schork Nicholas J
New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, Room 1005, New York, NY 10010, USA.
Twin Res Hum Genet. 2011 Dec;14(6):568-72. doi: 10.1375/twin.14.6.568.
This study aimed to: (1) determine concordance rates of self-reported and subjectively determined indicators of oral malodor in twins; (2) determine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in intraoral and exhaled breath. Fifty-one twin pairs participated in the study. Measurements of VSCs were obtained by a halimeter. The presence of tongue coatings was determined and twins filled out a 32-item questionnaire on oral malodor indicators independently of one another. Estimates of heritability (h2) for halimeter measurements were computed by SOLAR. The concordance rates for the presence of tongue coating among identical and fraternal twins were 67% and 11%, respectively. In the 10 most informative items, 70% exhibited higher concordance rates for identical than for fraternal twins. Of particular interest were the differences in concordance rates for dry mouth, sinus infection and unusual sweating. The h2 for intraoral breath was 0.28 +/- 0.17 (NS), whereas the h2 for exhaled breath was 0.50 +/- 0.20 (p = .0207). The concordance rates of tongue coatings and malodor indicators were higher in identical twins than in fraternal twins. Intraoral breath VSC values were primarily attributable to environmental factors, whereas exhaled breath VSC values were partially explained by genetic factors.
（1）确定双胞胎中自我报告的口腔异味指标与主观确定的口腔异味指标的一致性率；（2）确定遗传和环境因素对口腔内和呼出气体中挥发性硫化物（VSCs）水平的相对贡献。51对双胞胎参与了该研究。通过口臭测量仪获取VSCs的测量值。确定舌苔的存在情况，双胞胎彼此独立填写一份关于口腔异味指标的32项问卷。通过SOLAR计算口臭测量仪测量值的遗传力（h2）估计值。同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎中舌苔存在情况的一致性率分别为67%和11%。在最具信息量的10个项目中，70%的项目同卵双胞胎的一致性率高于异卵双胞胎。特别值得关注的是口干、鼻窦感染和异常出汗的一致性率差异。口腔内呼出气体的h2为0.28±0.17（无显著性差异），而呼出气体的h2为0.50±0.20（p = 0.0207）。同卵双胞胎中舌苔和异味指标的一致性率高于异卵双胞胎。口腔内呼出气体的VSC值主要归因于环境因素，而呼出气体的VSC值部分由遗传因素解释。
