Duodecim. 2012;128(6):610-1.
Female urinary incontinence (UI) is divided into stress (SUI), urgency (UUI), mixed (MUI) and overflow incontinence (chronic retention). Advanced age, obesity and pregnancy are the most important risk factors. Standardised questionnaires are used in diagnosis. The pad test, cough stress test and bladder diary are objective tools. A gynaecological examination includes pelvic floor muscle palpation and residual urine measurement. Urodynamics, cystoscopy and ultrasonography are complementary tools. Guided pelvic floor-muscle training is the first-line therapy. UUI can be treated with anticholinergic medicines. If conservative treatments are ineffective, SUI and MUI can be treated surgically with mid-urethral slings (TVT TOT and TVT-0).
女性尿失禁（UI）分为压力性尿失禁（SUI）、急迫性尿失禁（UUI）、混合性尿失禁（MUI）和充溢性尿失禁（慢性尿潴留）。高龄、肥胖和妊娠是最重要的危险因素。诊断时使用标准化问卷。尿垫试验、咳嗽压力试验和膀胱日记是客观工具。妇科检查包括盆底肌肉触诊和残余尿量测量。尿动力学检查、膀胱镜检查和超声检查是辅助工具。指导性盆底肌肉训练是一线治疗方法。UUI可用抗胆碱能药物治疗。如果保守治疗无效，SUI和MUI可通过尿道中段吊带术（TVT、TOT和TVT-0）进行手术治疗。
