Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA.
Phys Sportsmed. 2012 Feb;40(1):84-90. doi: 10.3810/psm.2012.02.1954.
Shoulder injuries in the throwing athlete are becoming more frequent. Sports specialization at a younger age, playing multiple seasons, increased awareness of injury and injury prevention, advances in diagnosis, and surgical treatment all play a part in the increase in diagnosis of these injuries. Understanding the biomechanics of throwing and pathologies that are encountered in the throwing athlete can aid the clinician in successful diagnosis and nonoperative/operative treatment of the throwing athlete. This article discusses the relevant anatomy, biomechanics, and pathoanatomy of the throwing shoulder. Additionally, understanding the kinetic chain can assist in the nonoperative rehabilitation of the injured shoulder. Surgical reconstruction is indicated when nonoperative efforts have been exhausted and is directed based on the extent of the pathology to the capsuloligamentous structures, labrum, and rotator cuff.
投掷运动员的肩部损伤越来越常见。年轻时的运动专业化、多赛季比赛、对损伤和损伤预防的认识提高、诊断技术的进步以及手术治疗都在一定程度上导致了这些损伤的诊断增加。了解投掷运动的生物力学和投掷运动员中遇到的病理学可以帮助临床医生成功诊断和对投掷运动员进行非手术/手术治疗。本文讨论了投掷肩部的相关解剖学、生物力学和病理解剖学。此外，了解运动链可以帮助受伤的肩部进行非手术康复。当非手术治疗无效时，需要进行手术重建，手术重建的方向取决于对关节囊韧带结构、盂唇和肩袖的病理程度。
