Fortuyn J D
Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1979;81(2):97-107. doi: 10.1016/s0303-8467(79)80019-0.
The neurological base of biological space and of spatial perception is discussed. The nervous system is viewed as a system controlling behaviour. Movements as elements of behaviour are guided movements: goal-directed, programmed and ordered in space. Perceptual space is derived from directional properties of behaviour. The sense organs are not 'doors of perception', transparent to the alleged properties of the environment. Rather they are used in a centrifugal sense--outward from the organism. They are instrumental in updating a 'map' of the outside world and of the organisms as part of that world. The map is, in essence, a projection of the organism's own behaviour modified by the regularities, constraints and supports encountered in the world. The role of the periphery varies from moment to moment with the organisational level of behaviour. Thus, the sensomotor system is operated for updating the map and also for calibrating movements. At a peripheral level it helps to level out irregularities encountered in the execution of simple movements. All these functions may take place at the same time. Taken together, these considerations serve as an explanation of the fact that we are able to determine the spatial properties of objects although the shape as such is not presented to the sensory surface of the body, nor are the various scanpaths of our exploratory movements a replica of the geometrical properties of the object.
本文讨论了生物空间和空间感知的神经学基础。神经系统被视为一个控制行为的系统。作为行为元素的运动是有导向的运动：在空间中目标导向、程序化且有序。感知空间源自行为的方向性属性。感觉器官并非“感知之门”，对所谓的环境属性并非透明。相反，它们是以离心的方式被使用——从生物体向外。它们有助于更新外界以及作为外界一部分的生物体的“地图”。本质上，该地图是生物体自身行为的投影，这种行为因在世界中遇到的规律、限制和支撑而有所改变。外周的作用随行为的组织水平时刻变化。因此，感觉运动系统用于更新地图以及校准运动。在外周层面，它有助于消除简单运动执行过程中遇到的不规则情况。所有这些功能可能同时发生。综合起来，这些考量解释了这样一个事实：尽管物体的形状本身并未呈现于身体的感觉表面，我们探索性运动的各种扫描路径也并非物体几何属性的复制品，但我们仍能够确定物体的空间属性。
