Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 Mar;37(3):350-6. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.50. Epub 2012 Apr 17.
North American (NA) ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is a popular natural health product (NHP) that has been demonstrated to regulate immune function, inflammatory processes and response to stress and fatigue. Recent evidence suggests that various extracts of NA ginseng may have different bioactivities because of distinct profiles of ginsenosides and polysaccharides. To date, the bioactive role of ginseng on adipocytes remains relatively unexplored.
The goal of this work was to study the extract-specific bioactivity of NA ginseng on differentiated preadipocyte gene expression and adipocytokine secretion.
In vitro differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with 25 and 50 μg ml of either crude ethanol (EtOH) or aqueous (AQ) NA ginseng extracts, or polysaccharide and ginsenoside extracts isolated from the AQ extract. Global gene expression was studied with microarrays and the resulting data were analyzed with functional pathway analysis. Adipocytokine secretion was also measured in media.
Pathway analysis indicated that the AQ extract, and in particular the polysaccharide extract, triggered a global inflammomodulatory response in differentiated preadipocytes. Specifically, the expression of Il-6 (interleukin 6), Ccl5 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5), Nfκb (nuclear factor-kappaB) and Tnfα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) was increased. These effects were also reflected at the protein level through the increased secretion of IL-6 and CCL5. No effect was seen with the EtOH extract or ginsenoside extract. Using a specific toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor reduced the upregulation of inflammatory gene expression, indicating the relevance of this pathway for the signaling capacity of NA ginseng polysaccharides.
This work emphasizes the distinct bioactivities of different ginseng extracts on differentiated preadipocyte signaling pathways, and highlights the importance of TLR4 for mediating the inflammomodulatory role of ginseng polysaccharides.
北美（NA）人参（Panax quinquefolius）是一种流行的天然保健品（NHP），已被证明可调节免疫功能、炎症过程以及对压力和疲劳的反应。最近的证据表明，由于人参皂苷和多糖的不同分布，各种 NA 人参提取物可能具有不同的生物活性。迄今为止，人参对脂肪细胞的生物活性作用仍相对未知。
本研究的目的是研究 NA 人参提取物对分化前体脂肪细胞基因表达和脂肪细胞因子分泌的特定提取物的生物活性。
用 25 和 50μg/ml 的粗乙醇（EtOH）或水（AQ）NA 人参提取物或从 AQ 提取物中分离的多糖和人参皂苷提取物处理体外分化的 3T3-L1 前体脂肪细胞。用微阵列研究全基因组表达，并用功能途径分析分析所得数据。还测量了培养基中的脂肪细胞因子分泌。
途径分析表明，AQ 提取物，特别是多糖提取物，在分化的前体脂肪细胞中引发了全身性的炎症调节反应。具体而言，白细胞介素 6（IL-6）、Ccl5（趋化因子（C-C 基序）配体 5）、Nfκb（核因子-kappaB）和 Tnfα（肿瘤坏死因子 alpha）的表达增加。这些影响也反映在蛋白质水平上，表现为 IL-6 和 CCL5 的分泌增加。EtOH 提取物或人参皂苷提取物没有作用。使用特定的 toll 样受体 4（TLR4）抑制剂减少了炎症基因表达的上调，表明该途径与 NA 人参多糖的信号转导能力相关。
这项工作强调了不同人参提取物对分化前体脂肪细胞信号通路的独特生物活性，并强调了 TLR4 对介导人参多糖的炎症调节作用的重要性。
