Xu Hua-Shan, Xu Zong-Xue, Liu Pin
Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2013 Mar;34(3):882-91.
One of the key techniques in establishing and implementing TMDL (total maximum daily load) is to utilize hydrological model to quantify non-point source pollutant loads, establish BMPs scenarios, reduce non-point source pollutant loads. Non-point source pollutant loads under different years (wet, normal and dry year) were estimated by using SWAT model in the Zhangweinan River basin, spatial distribution characteristics of non-point source pollutant loads were analyzed on the basis of the simulation result. During wet years, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) accounted for 0.07% and 27.24% of the total non-point source pollutant loads, respectively. Spatially, agricultural and residential land with steep slope are the regions that contribute more non-point source pollutant loads in the basin. Compared to non-point source pollutant loads with those during the baseline period, 47 BMPs scenarios were set to simulate the reduction efficiency of different BMPs scenarios for 5 kinds of pollutants (organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus and mineral phosphorus) in 8 prior controlled subbasins. Constructing vegetation type ditch was optimized as the best measure to reduce TN and TP by comparing cost-effective relationship among different BMPs scenarios, and the costs of unit pollutant reduction are 16.11-151.28 yuan x kg(-1) for TN, and 100-862.77 yuan x kg(-1) for TP, which is the most cost-effective measure among the 47 BMPs scenarios. The results could provide a scientific basis and technical support for environmental protection and sustainable utilization of water resources in the Zhangweinan River basin.
建立和实施总最大日负荷（TMDL）的关键技术之一是利用水文模型量化非点源污染物负荷，建立最佳管理措施（BMPs）方案，减少非点源污染物负荷。利用SWAT模型估算了漳卫南流域不同年份（丰水年、平水年和枯水年）的非点源污染物负荷，并基于模拟结果分析了非点源污染物负荷的空间分布特征。丰水年期间，总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）分别占非点源污染物总负荷的0.07%和27.24%。在空间上，陡坡的农业和居住用地是流域内非点源污染物负荷贡献较大的区域。与基准期的非点源污染物负荷相比，设置了47种BMPs方案，模拟了8个优先控制子流域5种污染物（有机氮、有机磷、硝态氮、溶解性磷和矿质磷）在不同BMPs方案下的削减效率。通过比较不同BMPs方案的性价比关系，将构建植被型沟渠优化为削减TN和TP的最佳措施，单位污染物削减成本为TN 16.11 - 151.28元·kg⁻¹，TP为100 - 862.77元·kg⁻¹，是47种BMPs方案中最具成本效益的措施。研究结果可为漳卫南流域的环境保护和水资源可持续利用提供科学依据和技术支持。
