Ruppin M, Sullivan S, Condon F, Perkins N, Lee L, Jeffcott L B, Dart A J
Research and Clinical Training Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Aust Vet J. 2012 May;90(5):175-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00916.x.
Review 103 cases of presumed tick envenomation in horses.
Retrospective study.
Variables, including date of presentation, age, breed, weight, presence of ticks, gait and respiration scores, duration of recumbency, treatment, outcome and complications were recorded. A series of univariable screening tests were performed and used in a multivariable logistic regression model.
There were a total of 103 cases affecting 10 breeds, aged between 1 week and 18 years of age. Horses >6 months old and weighing >100 kg had a higher odds of death than those <6 months old and <100 kg. Cases were seen from North Queensland to the central coast of New South Wales and were more likely to present in the warmer months. There was no association between the number of ticks found on an animal and death. Horses with a higher respiratory score had higher odds of dying, but there was no association between gait score and survival. Horses recumbent >120 h after presentation had higher odds of dying. Complications were reported in 35% of horses. The odds ratio for survival was higher for horses receiving >0.5 mL/kg of tick antiserum. Overall, 74% of horses survived. Multivariable modelling was limited by the small sample size.
In general, tick envenomation in horses follows the geographic distribution of Ixodes holocyclus. Tick antiserum administered at >0.5 mL/kg increases the odds of survival. It would appear that the complications associated with managing a recumbent horse increase the odds of death.
回顾103例疑似马蜱虫中毒病例。
回顾性研究。
记录各项变量，包括就诊日期、年龄、品种、体重、蜱虫存在情况、步态和呼吸评分、躺卧时间、治疗、结局及并发症。进行了一系列单变量筛查测试，并将其用于多变量逻辑回归模型。
共有103例病例，涉及10个品种，年龄在1周龄至18岁之间。6月龄以上且体重超过100千克的马死亡几率高于6月龄以下且体重低于100千克的马。病例分布于北昆士兰至新南威尔士州中部海岸，且更可能在温暖月份出现。动物身上发现的蜱虫数量与死亡之间无关联。呼吸评分较高的马死亡几率更高，但步态评分与存活之间无关联。就诊后躺卧超过120小时的马死亡几率更高。35%的马出现了并发症。接受超过每千克体重0.5毫升蜱虫抗血清的马存活几率更高。总体而言，74%的马存活。多变量建模因样本量小而受限。
一般来说，马蜱虫中毒情况与全环硬蜱的地理分布一致。每千克体重给予超过0.5毫升的蜱虫抗血清可增加存活几率。似乎与护理躺卧马匹相关的并发症会增加死亡几率。
