Hogeschool-Universiteit Brussel, Center for Economics and Corporate Sustainability (CEDON), Warmoesberg 26, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Jun 1;426:393-405. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.040. Epub 2012 Apr 17.
The use of natural attenuation (NA) processes for contaminated site cleanup and remediation has been gaining more attention over the last few years. However, the need for an inventory of the existing information concerning monitored natural attenuation (MNA), including the existing return on experience, has been sounding increasingly louder over recent years as well. This paper will focus on the application of MNA throughout Europe. First, a literature study and a survey were performed in order to collect all available data on both qualitative and quantitative aspects of MNA. Secondly, a questionnaire was created and sent out to experts in the field of regulation and research from six countries, including Finland, Spain, and the UK. Thirdly, further contributions from a SNOWMAN workshop concerning MNA (November 7th, 2011, Paris) were included in this paper. The result is a state of the art concerning MNA for several countries, including the legal framework and existing protocols, a comparison between different countries, and an overview of some existing MNA cases throughout Europe combined with a discussion on relevant aspects related to "return on experience". The results demonstrate that MNA is now considered to be a conventional remediation technique in most countries that were included in this study. Although MNA is currently being applied for the remediation of contaminated sites, some countries still don't recognise it as an official remediation technique (e.g. Finland). This study also confirms and illustrates the differences concerning the MNA approach that exists between different countries, as well as the differences in application levels. However, it is important to note that at the same time a certain level of coherence exists concerning the MNA approach, e.g. with regard to the importance of biodegradation processes. Furthermore, the main outcome of this study emphasises the clear need to systematically collect and share information concerning existing MNA cases. Only then a clear return of experience will be possible.
利用自然衰减（NA）过程进行污染场地的清理和修复，近年来受到了越来越多的关注。然而，近年来，人们越来越需要对监测自然衰减（MNA）的现有信息进行清查，包括现有的经验回报。本文将重点介绍 MNA 在整个欧洲的应用。首先，进行了文献研究和调查，以收集有关 MNA 的定性和定量方面的所有现有数据。其次，创建了一份问卷，并分发给来自六个国家（包括芬兰、西班牙和英国）的监管和研究领域的专家。第三，本文还纳入了 SNOWMAN 研讨会（2011 年 11 月 7 日，巴黎）关于 MNA 的进一步贡献。结果是对几个国家的 MNA 状况进行了评估，包括法律框架和现有协议、不同国家之间的比较，以及欧洲各地一些现有 MNA 案例的概述，并结合了与“经验回报”相关的一些方面的讨论。结果表明，MNA 现在被认为是大多数参与研究的国家的常规修复技术。尽管 MNA 目前正被用于污染场地的修复，但一些国家仍不承认它是一种正式的修复技术（例如芬兰）。本研究还证实并说明了不同国家之间在 MNA 方法上存在的差异，以及应用水平的差异。然而，值得注意的是，与此同时，在 MNA 方法方面存在一定程度的一致性，例如在生物降解过程的重要性方面。此外，这项研究的主要结果强调了系统地收集和共享现有 MNA 案例信息的明确需求。只有这样，才能实现明确的经验回报。
