Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Dec 1;44(23):9163-9. doi: 10.1021/es102007s. Epub 2010 Nov 5.
The environmental impacts of remediation of a chloroethene-contaminated site were evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA). The compared remediation options are (i) in situ bioremediation by enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD), (ii) in situ thermal desorption (ISTD), and (iii) excavation of the contaminated soil followed by off-site treatment and disposal. The results showed that choosing the ERD option will reduce the life-cycle impacts of remediation remarkably compared to choosing either ISTD or excavation, which are more energy-demanding. In addition to the secondary impacts of remediation, this study includes assessment of local toxic impacts (the primary impact) related to the on-site contaminant leaching to groundwater and subsequent human exposure via drinking water. The primary human toxic impacts were high for ERD due to the formation and leaching of chlorinated degradation products, especially vinyl chloride during remediation. However, the secondary human toxic impacts of ISTD and excavation are likely to be even higher, particularly due to upstream impacts from steel production. The newly launched model, USEtox, was applied for characterization of primary and secondary toxic impacts and combined with a site-dependent fate model of the leaching of chlorinated ethenes from the fractured clay till site.
采用生命周期评价（LCA）对受氯代烃污染场地修复的环境影响进行了评估。对比的修复方案包括：（i）原位强化还原脱氯（ERD）生物修复，（ii）原位热脱附（ISTD），以及（iii）受污染土壤的挖掘后进行场外处理和处置。结果表明，与 IST 和挖掘相比，选择 ERD 方案将显著降低修复的生命周期影响，因为 IST 和挖掘需要更多的能源。除了修复的二次影响外，本研究还评估了与现场污染物浸出到地下水和随后通过饮用水暴露相关的局部毒性影响（首要影响）。由于修复过程中氯代降解产物的形成和浸出，特别是氯乙烯，ERD 的首要人体毒性影响很高。然而，IST 和挖掘的二次人体毒性影响可能更高，特别是由于上游钢铁生产的影响。新推出的 USEtox 模型用于表征主要和次要毒性影响，并与从断裂粘性土场地浸出氯代烯烃的场地相关的依赖于地点的归宿模型相结合。
