Klein G
Ciba Found Symp. 1979(66):335-58.
A wide variety of DNA viruses and a more restricted family of RNA viruses can transform normal cells in vitro. Transformation means either immortalization and/or the appearance of certain phenotypic changes. Although it has been often inferred that in vitro transformation can be essentially equated with malignant transformation, increasing evidence indicates that the latter, reflected by tumorigenicity in vivo, requires additional cytogenetic changes. The evidence will be reviewed for EB virus-associated human malignancy (Burkitt's lymphoma) and the role of the 14q + translocation marker in human B-cell neoplasia. These findings point to an initiating role of viral transformation, reflected by in vitro immortalization, followed by a cytogenetic evolution where chromosome 14-associated changes are essential for the liberation of B lymphocytes from super-imposed controls. The contrast of tissue-associated, specific chromosomal changes that bring about malignant transformation after the initiating impact of different agents will be illustrated experimentally for murine T-cell lymphoma. Here, X-ray, DMBA and different virus (RadLV, Gross virus)-induced T lymphomas show the same chromosomal change: trisomy 15. It may be questioned whether viral transformation can ever lead to neoplasia in the absence of subsequent cytogenetic changes.
多种DNA病毒和种类相对有限的RNA病毒能够在体外转化正常细胞。转化意味着永生化和/或某些表型变化的出现。尽管人们常常推断体外转化基本上等同于恶性转化，但越来越多的证据表明，由体内致瘤性所反映的后者需要额外的细胞遗传学变化。本文将综述EB病毒相关的人类恶性肿瘤（伯基特淋巴瘤）的证据以及14q +易位标志物在人类B细胞肿瘤形成中的作用。这些发现指出了病毒转化的起始作用，这在体外永生化中有所体现，随后是细胞遗传学进化，其中与14号染色体相关的变化对于B淋巴细胞从叠加控制中解放出来至关重要。对于小鼠T细胞淋巴瘤，将通过实验说明不同因子起始作用后导致恶性转化的组织相关特定染色体变化的对比情况。在这里，X射线、二甲基苯并蒽（DMBA）和不同病毒（辐射白血病病毒、格罗斯病毒）诱导的T淋巴瘤显示出相同的染色体变化：15号染色体三体。在没有后续细胞遗传学变化的情况下，病毒转化是否能导致肿瘤形成可能会受到质疑。
