Obstet Gynecol. 2012 May;119(5):1039-44. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31825194ca.
To date, 13 studies have provided data on the risk of venous thromboembolism associated with combined oral contraceptives containing drospirenone or the norelgestromin-containing contraceptive patch. The studies varied in their conclusions about whether these methods are associated with higher risks than combined oral contraceptives containing other progestins: the primary reported measures of association (adjusted odds ratios, incidence rate ratios, or hazard ratios) ranged from 0.9 to 3.3. All of the studies had weaknesses in population selection, data validity or completeness, or analysis that may have led to biased or spurious findings. Venous thromboembolism is rare; if the contraceptive methods of interest do confer a higher risk of thromboembolism, only an additional 5-10 per 10,000 users per year would be affected. The important message for patients, clinicians, and policy makers is that the benefits of all contraceptive methods markedly outweigh their risks, primarily because they prevent pregnancy, an inherently hazardous condition. Product labels for hormonal contraceptives should emphasize their substantial health benefits and established safety.
迄今为止，已有 13 项研究提供了关于含有屈螺酮或去氧孕烯炔雌醇的复方口服避孕药与静脉血栓栓塞风险相关的数据。这些研究对这些方法是否比含有其他孕激素的复方口服避孕药具有更高的风险得出了不同的结论：主要报告的关联指标（调整后的优势比、发病率比或风险比）范围从 0.9 到 3.3。所有这些研究在人群选择、数据有效性或完整性，或分析方面都存在缺陷，这些缺陷可能导致有偏差或虚假的发现。静脉血栓栓塞很少见；如果感兴趣的避孕方法确实会增加血栓栓塞的风险，那么每年每 10000 名使用者中只有 5-10 名会受到影响。对患者、临床医生和决策者来说，重要的信息是所有避孕方法的益处明显大于其风险，主要是因为它们可以预防怀孕，这是一种固有的危险情况。激素避孕药具的产品标签应强调其显著的健康益处和既定的安全性。
