Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA.
Conserv Biol. 2012 Jun;26(3):525-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01836.x. Epub 2012 Apr 25.
The spread of non-native invasive species is affected by human activity, vegetation cover, weather, and interaction with native species. We analyzed data from a 17-year study of the distribution of the non-native Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) and the native winter ant (Prenolepis imparis) in a preserve in northern California (U.S.A.). We conducted logistic regressions and used model selection to determine whether the following variables were associated with changes in the distribution of each species: presence of conspecifics at neighboring sites, distance to development (e.g., roads, buildings, and landscaped areas), proportion of vegetation cover taller than 0.75 m, elevation, distance to water, presence of both species at a site, temperature, and rainfall. Argentine ants colonized unoccupied sites from neighboring sites, but the probability of appearance and persistence decreased as distance to development, vegetation cover, and elevation increased. Winter ants appeared and persisted in sites with relatively high vegetation cover (i.e., highly shaded sites). Presence of the 2 species was negatively associated in sites with high vegetation cover (more winter ants) and sites near development (more Argentine ants). Probability of colonization of Argentine ants decreased where winter ants were most persistent. At sites near development within the preserve, abundant Argentine ant populations may be excluding winter ants. The high abundance of Argentine ants at these sites may be due to immigration from suburban areas outside the preserve, which are high-quality habitat for Argentine ants. In the interior of the preserve, distance from development, low-quality habitat, and interaction with winter ants may in combination exclude Argentine ants. Interactions among the variables we examined were associated with low probabilities of Argentine ant colonization in the preserve.
非本地入侵物种的传播受到人类活动、植被覆盖、天气和与本地物种相互作用的影响。我们分析了在美国加利福尼亚州北部一个保护区内对非本地阿根廷蚂蚁（Linepithema humile）和本地冬季蚂蚁（Prenolepis imparis）分布进行了 17 年研究的数据。我们进行了逻辑回归，并使用模型选择来确定以下变量是否与每个物种分布的变化相关：相邻地点同种的存在、与发展（例如道路、建筑物和景观区域）的距离、高于 0.75 米的植被覆盖比例、海拔、与水的距离、在一个地点同时存在两种物种、温度和降雨量。阿根廷蚂蚁从相邻地点侵占未被占据的地点，但随着与发展、植被覆盖和海拔的距离增加，出现和持续的可能性降低。冬季蚂蚁出现在植被覆盖较高（即阴影较多）的地点，并持续存在。在植被覆盖高（冬季蚂蚁较多）和靠近发展的地点（阿根廷蚂蚁较多），两种物种的存在呈负相关。冬季蚂蚁持续时间最长的地点，阿根廷蚂蚁的殖民化概率降低。在保护区内靠近发展的地点，丰富的阿根廷蚁群可能会排斥冬季蚂蚁。这些地点阿根廷蚂蚁数量众多，可能是由于从保护区外的郊区移民而来，这些郊区是阿根廷蚂蚁的优质栖息地。在保护区内部，远离发展、低质量的栖息地以及与冬季蚂蚁的相互作用可能会共同排斥阿根廷蚂蚁。我们研究的变量之间的相互作用与保护区内阿根廷蚂蚁殖民化的低概率相关。
