Centro de Referência em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Núcleo de Patologia Tropical e Medicina Social do Maranhão, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis, MA.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2012 Mar-Apr;45(2):199-202. doi: 10.1590/s0037-86822012000200012.
This study was developed to evaluate the situation of leprosy in the general population of the municipality of Buriticupu, State of Maranhão, Brazil.
We used the method of active search to identify new cases from 2008 to 2010. Bacilloscopy of intradermal scrapings was performed in all patients with skin lesions compatible with leprosy, and histopathological examination in those who had doubts on the definition of the clinical form.
The study included 19,104 individuals, with 42 patients diagnosed with leprosy after clinical examination, representing a detection rate of 219.84 per 100,000 inhabitants. The predominant clinical presentation was tuberculoid with 24 (57.1%) cases, followed by borderline with 11, indeterminate with four, and lepromatous with three cases. The study also allowed the identification of 81 patients with a history of leprosy and other skin diseases, such as pityriasis versicolor, dermatophytosis, scabies, vitiligo, and skin carcinoma. The binomial test showed that the proportion of cases in the headquarters was significantly higher than that in the villages (p = 0.04), and the generalized exact test showed that there was no association between age and clinical form (p = 0.438) and between age and gender (p = 0.083).
The elevated detection rate defines the city as hyperendemic for leprosy; the active search for cases, as well as the organization of health services, is an important method for disease control.
本研究旨在评估巴西马拉尼昂州布鲁蒂库普市普通人群中的麻风病情况。
我们使用主动搜索方法从 2008 年至 2010 年期间发现新病例。对所有有皮肤损伤且符合麻风病的患者进行皮肤刮片细菌学检查，对临床形式定义有疑问的患者进行组织病理学检查。
研究共纳入 19104 人，经临床检查后诊断出 42 例麻风病患者，发病率为每 10 万人 219.84 例。主要临床表现为结核样型，有 24 例（57.1%），其次是界限类偏结核样型 11 例，界限类未定类 4 例，界限类偏瘤型 3 例。研究还发现 81 例有麻风病和其他皮肤病史的患者，如花斑癣、皮肤癣菌病、疥疮、白癜风和皮肤癌。二项式检验显示，总部的病例比例明显高于村庄（p=0.04），广义精确检验显示年龄与临床形式之间（p=0.438）和年龄与性别之间（p=0.083）均无关联。
发病率高表明该市是麻风病的高度流行区；主动搜索病例以及卫生服务的组织是疾病控制的重要方法。
