Adinolfi Paola
Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy,
Health Care Anal. 2014 Sep;22(3):223-44. doi: 10.1007/s10728-012-0208-1.
To contribute to our understanding of the relationship between philosophical ideas and medical and healthcare models. A diachronic analysis is put in place in order to evaluate, from an innovative perspective, the influence over the centuries on medical and healthcare models of two philosophical concepts, particularly relevant for health: how Man perceives his identity and how he relates to Nature. Five epochs are identified--the Archaic Age, Classical Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Modern Age, the 'Postmodern' Era--which can be seen, à la Foucault, as 'fragments between philosophical fractures'. From a historical background perspective, up to the early 1900s progress in medical and healthcare models has moved on a par with the evolution of philosophical debate. Following the Second World War, the Health Service started a series of reforms, provoked by anti-positivistic philosophical transformations. The three main reforms carried out however failed and the medical establishment remained anchored to a mechanical, reductionist approach, perfectly in line with the bureaucratic stance of the administrators. In this context, future scenarios are delineated and an anthropo-ecological model is proposed to re-align philosophy, medicine and health care.
为增进我们对哲学思想与医学及医疗保健模式之间关系的理解。我们进行了一项历时性分析，以便从创新的角度评估两个对健康尤为重要的哲学概念在几个世纪以来对医学和医疗保健模式的影响：人类如何感知自己的身份以及如何与自然建立联系。我们确定了五个时期——古风时代、古典时代、中世纪、现代、“后现代”时代——按照福柯的说法，这些时期可被视为“哲学断裂之间的碎片”。从历史背景的角度来看，直到20世纪初，医学和医疗保健模式的进步与哲学辩论的发展齐头并进。第二次世界大战后，受反实证主义哲学变革的推动，医疗服务体系启动了一系列改革。然而，所进行的三项主要改革均告失败，医疗机构仍固守机械、还原论的方法，这与管理者的官僚立场完全一致。在此背景下，我们描绘了未来的情景，并提出了一种人类生态模型，以使哲学、医学和医疗保健重新协调一致。
