Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, USA.
J Agric Food Chem. 2012 May 16;60(19):4849-53. doi: 10.1021/jf300829v. Epub 2012 May 4.
White snakeroot and rayless goldenrod cause "trembles" and "milk sickness" in livestock and humans, respectively. The toxin in white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod was identified in 1927 and 1930, respectively, as tremetol. It was reported that the toxin in white snakeroot disappears as it is dried and that completely dried plants were incapable of producing trembles or milk sickness. Conversely, it has been reported that the rayless goldenrod toxin was not destroyed by drying and that the plant is toxic either fresh or dry. In this study the concentrations of tremetone, dehydrotremetone, and structurally similar compounds were determined in white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod before and after various drying conditions. Tremetone, dehydrotremetone, and structurally similar compounds in rayless goldenrod and white snakeroot are most stable upon freeze-drying, followed by air-drying, and least stable upon oven-drying (60 °C). Also demonstrated is that tremetone is stable and that dried white snakeroot and rayless goldenrod are capable of inducing toxicosis in livestock.
白头翁和泽兰分别引起家畜和人类的“震颤”和“奶中毒”。1927 年和 1930 年分别鉴定出白头翁和泽兰中的毒素为震颤醇。据报道，白头翁中的毒素在干燥时会消失，完全干燥的植物不会引起震颤或奶中毒。相反，据报道，泽兰中的毒素在干燥时不会被破坏，无论是新鲜的还是干燥的植物都有毒。在这项研究中，测定了不同干燥条件前后白头翁和泽兰中震颤醇、脱氢震颤醇和结构相似化合物的浓度。在冷冻干燥、空气干燥和 60°C 烘箱干燥条件下，泽兰和白头翁中的震颤醇、脱氢震颤醇和结构相似化合物最稳定。还表明，震颤醇是稳定的，干燥的白头翁和泽兰能够引起家畜中毒。
