Perriot J, Underner M, Peiffer G, Le Houezec J, Samalin L, Schmitt A, de Chazeron I, Doly-Kuchcik L
Dispensaire Émile-Roux, centre de lutte antituberculeux (CLAT 63), centre de tabacologie, 11 rue Vaucanson, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Rev Mal Respir. 2012 Apr;29(4):448-61. doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2011.09.048. Epub 2012 Mar 22.
Smoking cessation specialists are frequently confronted with smokers who have great difficulty in stopping smoking, and who are either motivated to stop or are forced to stop for health, economic or statutory reasons. These smokers are composed of a mixed population but they have in common a heavy dependence on tobacco and a significant level of cigarette consumption. They are exposed to serious morbidity induced by their uncontrollable smoking. Other factors unfavourable to the attempt to stop smoking are often present: anxiety-depressive disorders, socioeconomic difficulties or the use of psychoactive substances. They constitute a priority target for smoking cessation clinics, which must optimise and diversify proposals to improve their interventions. This review describes these highly dependent smokers unable to stop, and suggests medical treatments and therapeutic combinations to assist the practitioners trying to help the "hard-core" smokers.
戒烟专家经常面对那些在戒烟方面有很大困难的吸烟者，他们要么出于健康、经济或法定原因有戒烟的动机，要么被迫戒烟。这些吸烟者构成成分混杂，但他们都有一个共同点，即对烟草严重依赖且香烟消费量很大。他们面临着因无法控制吸烟而导致的严重疾病。其他不利于戒烟尝试的因素也常常存在：焦虑抑郁障碍、社会经济困难或使用精神活性物质。他们是戒烟诊所的优先目标群体，诊所必须优化并使戒烟建议多样化，以改进干预措施。这篇综述描述了这些无法戒烟的高度依赖烟草的吸烟者，并提出了医学治疗方法和治疗组合，以帮助那些试图帮助“铁杆”吸烟者的从业者。
