Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands.
Psychol Bull. 2012 Nov;138(6):1109-38. doi: 10.1037/a0028204. Epub 2012 Apr 30.
Clear associations of sleep, cognitive performance, and behavioral problems have been demonstrated in meta-analyses of studies in adults. This meta-analysis is the first to systematically summarize all relevant studies reporting on sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems in healthy school-age children (5-12 years old) and incorporates 86 studies on 35,936 children. Sleep duration shows a significant positive relation with cognitive performance (r = .08, confidence interval [CI] [.06, .10]). Subsequent analyses on cognitive subdomains indicate specific associations of sleep duration with executive functioning (r = .07, CI [.02, .13]), with performance on tasks that address multiple cognitive domains (r = .10, CI = [.05, .16]), and with school performance (r = .09, CI [.06, .12]), but not with intelligence. Quite unlike typical findings in adults, sleep duration was not associated with sustained attention and memory. Methodological issues and brain developmental immaturities are proposed to underlie the marked differences. Shorter sleep duration is associated with more behavioral problems (r = .09, CI [.07, .11]). Subsequent analyses on subdomains of behavioral problems showed that the relation holds for both internalizing (r = .09, CI [.06, .12]) and externalizing behavioral problems (r = .08, CI [.06, .11]). Ancillary moderator analyses identified practices recommended to increase sensitivity of assessments and designs in future studies. In practical terms, the findings suggest that insufficient sleep in children is associated with deficits in higher-order and complex cognitive functions and an increase in behavioral problems. This is particularly relevant given society's tendency towards sleep curtailment.
在对成年人的研究进行的荟萃分析中，已经明确证明了睡眠、认知表现和行为问题之间的关联。这项荟萃分析是第一个系统地总结所有关于健康学龄儿童（5-12 岁）睡眠、认知和行为问题的相关研究的荟萃分析，其中包含了 86 项涉及 35936 名儿童的研究。睡眠持续时间与认知表现呈显著正相关（r =.08，置信区间 [CI] [.06，.10]）。随后对认知子领域的分析表明，睡眠持续时间与执行功能（r =.07，CI [.02，.13]）、涉及多个认知领域的任务表现（r =.10，CI = [.05，.16]）和学业成绩（r =.09，CI [.06，.12]）存在特定关联，但与智力无关。与成年人的典型发现不同，睡眠持续时间与持续注意力和记忆力无关。提出了方法学问题和大脑发育不成熟的问题来解释这些显著差异。较短的睡眠时间与更多的行为问题有关（r =.09，CI [.07，.11]）。随后对行为问题的子领域进行的分析表明，这种关系对内向（r =.09，CI [.06，.12]）和外向行为问题（r =.08，CI [.06，.11]）都适用。辅助调节分析确定了未来研究中提高评估和设计敏感性的推荐做法。从实际意义上讲，这些发现表明，儿童睡眠不足与高级和复杂认知功能的缺陷以及行为问题的增加有关。鉴于社会倾向于缩短睡眠时间，这一点尤为重要。
