Project Directorate on Foot-and-mouth disease, Mukteswar-Kumaon, Uttarakhand, India.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2013 Jun;60(3):197-203. doi: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01332.x. Epub 2012 May 2.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in India and causes severe economic loss. Status of FMD in the country for five fiscal years is presented. Outbreaks were more in number in 2007-2008 than 2010-2011. Three serotypes of FMD virus (O, A and Asia1) are prevalent. Serotype O was responsible for 80% of the confirmed outbreaks/cases, whereas Asia1 and A caused 12% and 8%, respectively. Geographical region-wise assessment indicated varying prevalence rate in different regions viz; 43% in Eastern region, 31.5% in Southern region, 11.6% in North-eastern region, 5% Central region, 4.4% Western region and 4% in Northern region. Highest number of outbreaks/cases was recorded in the month of September and lowest in June. Emergence and re-emergence of different genotypes/lineages within the serotypes were evident in real-time investigation carried out from time to time. Continues antigenic divergence in serotype A resulted in change in the vaccine strain in 2009. As on date, all genetic diversity within the serotypes is well tolerated by the vaccine strains. Unrestricted animal movements in the country play a major role in the spread of FMD.
口蹄疫（FMD）在印度流行，造成严重的经济损失。本文呈现了该国五个财政年度的 FMD 现状。2007-2008 年的疫情爆发比 2010-2011 年更多。FMD 病毒有三个血清型（O、A 和 Asia1）流行。血清型 O 负责 80%的确诊疫情/病例，而 Asia1 和 A 分别占 12%和 8%。按地理位置评估，不同地区的流行率不同：东部地区为 43%，南部地区为 31.5%，东北部地区为 11.6%，中部地区为 5%，西部地区为 4.4%，北部地区为 4%。疫情/病例数量最多的是 9 月，最少的是 6 月。在实时调查中发现，不同血清型内的不同基因型/谱系不断出现和重现。血清型 A 中的持续抗原变异导致 2009 年疫苗株发生变化。截至目前，所有血清型内的遗传多样性都被疫苗株很好地耐受。国内不受限制的动物流动是 FMD 传播的主要原因。
