Center for Evaluation Research and Surveys, Division of Health Economics, National Institute of Public Health (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Cuernavaca, Morelos 62508, Mexico.
Soc Sci Med. 2012 Jul;75(1):120-8. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.010. Epub 2012 Mar 2.
In Mexico, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity among Mexican women increased from 64% in 2000 to 72% in 2006. In this paper, we report our findings on the relation of women's body mass index (BMI) with income and lifestyles choices using data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2006. The two following approaches were executed. First, we estimated a two-stage least-squares regression to control for the potential endogeneity of income stratified by urban or rural residency. The second approach was aimed at exploring whether the determinants of weight varied among different weight levels using latent class models. Our findings from the two-stage least-squares regression show a positive non-significant association between income and BMI in the overall and urban samples but a significant positive relationship among rural women. Our results suggest that one unit increase in income is associated with 4.1% increase in body weight in rural areas. Estimates from the latent class model (LCM) show a positive but marginally significant association between income and BMI in the overall sample only in the class where there is a greater likelihood that women have normal weight or overweight compared to the class with a higher probability of being obese, but we also found a large association in rural areas for both classes. Lifestyle choices were associated with BMI. Results from the two-stage least-squares regressions reveal that more hours sitting per day and a higher percentage of expenditures in sugary beverages were associated with higher BMI levels. In the LCM, for women who eventually belong to the higher body weight class, lifestyles seem to matter more. Findings from this research suggest that policies to tackle the obesity epidemic among adult women should be different for women living in urban and rural areas and women with different weight levels.
在墨西哥，墨西哥女性的超重和肥胖患病率从 2000 年的 64%上升到 2006 年的 72%。本文使用 2006 年进行的横断面调查数据，报告了我们关于女性体重指数（BMI）与收入和生活方式选择之间关系的研究结果。我们执行了以下两种方法。首先，我们估计了两阶段最小二乘法回归，以控制按城乡居住划分的收入的潜在内生性。第二种方法旨在探索体重的决定因素是否因不同体重水平而异，使用潜在类别模型。两阶段最小二乘法回归的结果表明，在总体和城市样本中，收入与 BMI 之间呈正相关，但无显著关系，而在农村女性中则呈显著正相关。我们的结果表明，农村地区收入每增加一个单位，体重就会增加 4.1%。潜在类别模型（LCM）的估计结果表明，在总体样本中，收入与 BMI 之间仅呈正相关，但不显著，仅在更有可能体重正常或超重的类别中，与更有可能肥胖的类别相比，但我们也发现农村地区两个类别都有很大的关联。生活方式的选择与 BMI 有关。两阶段最小二乘法回归的结果表明，每天坐的时间更长，含糖饮料支出的比例更高，与更高的 BMI 水平有关。在 LCM 中，对于最终属于更高体重类别的女性，生活方式似乎更为重要。这项研究的结果表明，针对成年女性肥胖流行的政策，对于生活在城市和农村地区的女性以及体重不同的女性，应该有所不同。
