Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Jefferson Headache Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5092, USA.
Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2012 Aug;16(4):371-8. doi: 10.1007/s11916-012-0265-z.
Temporal arteritis, also termed giant cell arteritis, is one of the vasculitides affecting large and medium sized cranial arteries, particularly of the carotid tree. Clinical manifestations may vary from the classic constellation of temporal headache in the elderly accompanied by constitutional signs, jaw claudication, and visual symptoms; therefore, a high index of clinical suspicion may be necessary to identify the disorder. Once suspected, immediate treatment is crucial while exploring any number of diagnostic tools to confirm or refute the diagnosis, since morbidity from untreated temporal arteritis can be devastating. At the same time, achieving a definitive diagnosis is paramount, as treatment can be toxic with significant morbidity of its own. Temporal artery biopsy remains the gold standard, but noninvasive diagnostic approaches are being refined. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of treatment, but are ineffective for, not tolerated by, or contraindicated in some individuals, necessitating the exploration of alternatives.
巨细胞动脉炎，又称颞动脉炎，是一种影响大、中颅动脉的血管炎，尤其是颈动脉树。临床表现可能从老年人典型的颞部头痛伴全身症状、咀嚼肌跛行和视觉症状的综合征变化；因此，需要高度的临床怀疑指数来识别这种疾病。一旦怀疑，立即治疗至关重要，同时探索多种诊断工具来确认或排除诊断，因为未经治疗的颞动脉炎可能会导致严重的发病率。同时，明确诊断至关重要，因为治疗本身可能有毒性，且发病率也很高。颞动脉活检仍然是金标准，但非侵入性诊断方法正在不断完善。皮质类固醇仍然是治疗的基石，但对某些人无效、不耐受或禁忌，需要探索替代方法。
