First Solar, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2012 Jul;31(7):1670-5. doi: 10.1002/etc.1865. Epub 2012 May 17.
Fate and transport analysis has been performed to evaluate potential exposures to cadmium (Cd) from cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaics (PV) for rainwater leaching from broken modules in a commercial building scenario. Leaching from broken modules is modeled using the worst-case scenario of total release of Cd, and residential screening levels are used to evaluate potential health impacts to on-site workers and off-site residents. A rooftop installation was considered rather than a ground-mount installation because rainwater runoff is concentrated via building downspouts in a rooftop installation rather than being dispersed across large areas in a ground-mount installation. Fate and transport of Cd from leachate to soil are modeled using equilibrium soil/soil-water partitioning. Subsequent migration to ambient air as windblown dust is evaluated with a screening Gaussian plume dispersion model, and migration to groundwater is evaluated with a dilution-attenuation factor approach. Exposure point concentrations in soil, air, and groundwater are one to six orders of magnitude below conservative (residential soil, residential air, drinking water) human health screening levels in both a California and southern Germany (Baden-Württemberg) exposure scenario. Potential exposures to Cd from rainwater leaching of broken modules in a commercial building scenario are highly unlikely to pose a potential health risk to on-site workers or off-site residents.
已进行了命运和传输分析，以评估在商业建筑场景中，从破碎模块的雨水淋滤中，碲化镉 (CdTe) 光伏 (PV) 产生的镉 (Cd) 的潜在暴露情况。使用 Cd 完全释放的最坏情况情景来模拟从破碎模块的浸出，并用居住性筛选水平来评估对现场工人和场外居民的潜在健康影响。选择屋顶安装而不是地面安装，是因为在屋顶安装中，雨水径流经建筑物雨水管集中排放，而不是在地面安装中分散在大面积上。使用平衡土壤/土壤水分分配来模拟浸出液中 Cd 向土壤中的命运和传输。使用筛选高斯烟羽扩散模型评估作为扬尘随风迁移到环境空气中的情况，并使用稀释衰减因子方法评估迁移到地下水中的情况。在加利福尼亚州和德国南部（巴登-符腾堡州）的暴露情景中，土壤、空气和地下水中的暴露点浓度均比保守的（居住土壤、居住空气、饮用水）人类健康筛选水平低 1 到 6 个数量级。商业建筑场景中，从破碎模块的雨水淋滤中 Cd 的潜在暴露，不太可能对现场工人或场外居民造成潜在的健康风险。
