Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 May;2(5):a006940. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006940.
Retroviruses have long been a fertile model for discovering host-pathogen interactions and their associated biological principles and processes. These advances have not only informed fundamental concepts of viral replication and pathogenesis but have also provided novel insights into host cell biology. This is illustrated by the recent descriptions of host-encoded restriction factors that can serve as effective inhibitors of retroviral replication. Here, we review our understanding of the three restriction factors that have been widely shown to be potent inhibitors of HIV-1: namely, APOBEC3G, TRIM5α, and tetherin. In each case, we discuss how these unrelated proteins were identified, the mechanisms by which they inhibit replication, the means used by HIV-1 to evade their action, and their potential contributions to viral pathogenesis as well as inter- and intraspecies transmission.
逆转录病毒长期以来一直是发现宿主-病原体相互作用及其相关生物学原理和过程的丰富模型。这些进展不仅为病毒复制和发病机制的基本概念提供了信息，而且还为宿主细胞生物学提供了新的见解。最近描述的宿主编码限制因子可以作为有效的逆转录病毒复制抑制剂，就说明了这一点。在这里，我们回顾了我们对已被广泛证明是 HIV-1 有效抑制剂的三种限制因子的理解：APOBEC3G、TRIM5α 和 tetherin。在每种情况下，我们讨论了这些不相关的蛋白质是如何被鉴定出来的，它们抑制复制的机制，HIV-1 用来逃避它们作用的手段，以及它们在病毒发病机制以及种间和种内传播中的潜在贡献。
