University of Toronto, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, PO Box 521, 41390 Dryden Road, Brackendale, Ontario BC V0N 1H0, Canada.
Br J Sports Med. 2012 Jun;46(7):477-84. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090849. Epub 2012 May 25.
This review examines information on the effects of Ramadan observance upon the metabolism, training and performance of athletes, with particular reference to proteins and amino acids. Increased gluconeogenesis and/or a reduced intake of protein could lead to a decrease of lean tissue, with adverse effects on muscular performance, and the lack of immediate protein ingestion could compromise responses to strength training. Actual responses vary quite widely, depending on culture and the individual's level and type of athletic involvement. In elite competitors, there is typically an increased fractional ingestion of protein with a small reduction in overall energy intake, and this may lead to small reductions of body and lean tissue mass. There are often small decreases of performance, particularly in activities requiring vigorous and/or repetitive muscular contraction. More information is needed on responses in situations where protein intake is likely to be inadequate (adolescent growth, those maintaining vegetarian diets or from poor countries and disciplines with very high overall energy needs) and when vigorous muscle training is in progress. However, in most of the situations studied to date, Ramadan observance has had only limited adverse consequences for either training or competitive performance.
本文综述了斋戒期对运动员代谢、训练和表现的影响，特别是涉及蛋白质和氨基酸方面的影响。肝糖异生增加和/或蛋白质摄入减少可能导致瘦组织减少，从而对肌肉表现产生不利影响，而且未能立即摄入蛋白质可能会影响对力量训练的反应。实际的反应差异很大，这取决于文化以及个人的运动参与水平和类型。在精英运动员中，通常会增加蛋白质的部分摄入，同时总能量摄入略有减少，这可能导致身体和瘦组织质量的少量减少。运动表现通常会出现轻微下降，特别是在需要剧烈和/或重复肌肉收缩的活动中。在蛋白质摄入可能不足的情况下（青少年生长、素食者或来自贫困国家和总体能量需求非常高的运动项目）以及进行剧烈肌肉训练时，需要更多有关反应的信息。然而，迄今为止在大多数研究的情况下，斋戒期对训练或竞技表现的不良影响有限。
