USP Araba Sport Clinic, Paseo de la Biosfera s/n, 01013 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain.
Br J Sports Med. 2010 Jun;44(7):495-501. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.071274.
A marked reduction in the training load in the lead-up to major competitions allows athletes to reduce the fatigue induced by intense training and improve competition performance. This tapered training phase is based on the reduction in training volume while maintaining pretaper training intensity and frequency. In parallel to training load reductions, nutritional strategies characterised by lowered energy intakes need to be implemented to match lowered energy expenditure. The Ramadan intermittent fast imposes constrained nutritional practices on Muslim athletes, inducing a shift to a greater reliance on fat oxidation to meet energy needs and a possible increase in protein breakdown. The training load is often reduced during Ramadan to match the absence of energy and fluid intake during daylight, which implies a risk of losing training induced adaptations. Should coaches and athletes decide to reduce the training load during Ramadan, the key role of training intensity in retaining training induced adaptations should be kept in mind. However, experienced elite Muslim athletes are able to maintain their usual training load during this month of intermittent fasting without decrements in measures of fitness and with only minor adverse effects.
在重大比赛前的训练负荷明显减少，使运动员能够减少高强度训练引起的疲劳，提高比赛成绩。这种逐渐减少的训练阶段是基于减少训练量，同时保持预训练的强度和频率。与训练负荷减少平行的是，需要实施以降低能量摄入为特征的营养策略，以适应降低的能量消耗。斋月间歇性禁食对穆斯林运动员施加了严格的营养限制，促使他们更多地依赖脂肪氧化来满足能量需求，并可能增加蛋白质分解。在斋月期间，训练负荷通常会减少，以适应白天没有能量和液体摄入的情况，这意味着可能会失去训练引起的适应性。如果教练和运动员决定在斋月期间减少训练负荷，那么应该记住训练强度在保持训练引起的适应性方面的关键作用。然而，经验丰富的精英穆斯林运动员能够在这个间歇性禁食的月份保持他们通常的训练负荷，而不会降低健康水平，只有轻微的不良反应。
