Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2012 Jul-Aug;3(4):543-55. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1118. Epub 2012 May 3.
The vast majority of proteins are believed to have one specific function. Throughout the course of evolution, however, some proteins have acquired additional functions to meet the demands of a complex cellular milieu. In some cases, changes in RNA or protein processing allow the cell to make the most of what is already encoded in the genome to produce slightly different forms. The eukaryotic elongation factor 1 (eEF1) complex subunits, however, have acquired such moonlighting functions without alternative forms. In this article, we discuss the canonical functions of the components of the eEF1 complex in translation elongation as well as the secondary interactions they have with other cellular factors outside of the translational apparatus. The eEF1 complex itself changes in composition as the complexity of eukaryotic organisms increases. Members of the complex are also subject to phosphorylation, a potential modulator of both canonical and non-canonical functions. Although alternative functions of the eEF1A subunit have been widely reported, recent studies are shedding light on additional functions of the eEF1B subunits. A thorough understanding of these alternate functions of eEF1 is essential for appreciating their biological relevance.
大多数蛋白质被认为只有一种特定的功能。然而，在进化过程中，一些蛋白质获得了额外的功能，以满足复杂细胞环境的需求。在某些情况下，RNA 或蛋白质加工的变化使细胞能够充分利用基因组中已经编码的内容，产生略有不同的形式。然而，真核延伸因子 1（eEF1）复合物亚基在没有替代形式的情况下获得了这种兼职功能。在本文中，我们讨论了 eEF1 复合物成分在翻译延伸中的典型功能，以及它们与翻译装置外的其他细胞因子的次要相互作用。随着真核生物复杂性的增加，eEF1 复合物本身的组成也发生了变化。该复合物的成员还受到磷酸化的影响，磷酸化是规范和非规范功能的潜在调节剂。尽管 eEF1A 亚基的替代功能已被广泛报道，但最近的研究揭示了 eEF1B 亚基的其他功能。彻底了解 eEF1 的这些替代功能对于理解它们的生物学相关性至关重要。
