Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom.
Vet Parasitol. 2012 Oct 26;189(2-4):299-307. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.04.009. Epub 2012 Apr 19.
A survey of sheep farms from across the UK was conducted to establish information on farming practices, the trichostrongylid nematode species present and anthelmintic usage. Questionnaires and faecal samples were returned from 118 farms. First stage larvae (L(1)) were cultured from faecal samples and used for PCR analysis to determine the presence/absence of selected trichostrongylid species. Teladorsagia circumcincta was the only species present on 100% of farms. Haemonchus contortus was found on ∼50% of farms and was widespread throughout the UK. The most common Trichostrongylus spp. was T. vitrinus, found on 95% of farms. Determining the anthelmintic dose rate based on the weight of the heaviest animal in the flock to avoid under dosing was carried out on 58% of farms and was associated with a significantly lower mean epg (p<0.001) in lambs. However, the weight of animals was only estimated (as opposed to animals weighed) on 32% of farms. Macrocyclic lactones (ML) were the most commonly used anthelmintic class for ewes, whilst benzimidazoles (BZ) were the most widely used in lambs. Twenty-two of the surveyed farms had confirmed anthelmintic resistance, of these, 18 had BZ resistance, one had levamisole (LEV) resistance and 3 had resistance to both BZ and LEV. No farms in this survey reported resistance to ML. Location had a significant effect on the incidence of anthelmintic resistance on the farms in this survey (p=0.002). There was evidence of a lower risk of anthelmintic resistance occurring on farms from Scotland compared to those in England (p(f)=0.047) and Wales (p(f)=0.012). Farm type, flock type and open or closed status did not have any significant effect on the incidence of anthelmintic resistance when all other factors were taken into consideration.
对英国各地的绵羊养殖场进行了调查，以获取有关养殖实践、存在的 Trichostrongylid 线虫物种和驱虫药使用情况的信息。从 118 个农场回收了问卷和粪便样本。从粪便样本中培养第一阶段幼虫 (L(1))，并用于 PCR 分析，以确定所选 Trichostrongylid 物种的存在/缺失情况。仅在 100%的农场发现有泰氏泰勒虫 (Teladorsagia circumcincta)。在约 50%的农场发现有捻转血矛线虫 (Haemonchus contortus)，并且在英国各地广泛存在。最常见的 Trichostrongylus spp.是 T. vitrinus，在 95%的农场中都有发现。根据羊群中最重动物的体重确定驱虫药剂量以避免剂量不足的做法在 58%的农场中进行，这与羔羊的平均 epg 显著降低 (p<0.001) 有关。然而，只有 32%的农场是根据动物的体重估计（而不是称重）来确定动物的体重。大环内酯类 (ML) 是最常用于母羊的驱虫药类别，而苯并咪唑类 (BZ) 则是最广泛用于羔羊的驱虫药。在接受调查的 22 个农场中，有 22 个农场已经确认存在驱虫药耐药性，其中 18 个农场对 BZ 耐药，1 个农场对左旋咪唑 (LEV) 耐药，3 个农场对 BZ 和 LEV 均耐药。在这项调查中，没有农场报告对 ML 有耐药性。地理位置对该调查中农场的驱虫药耐药性发生率有显著影响 (p=0.002)。与英格兰和威尔士的农场相比，苏格兰农场发生驱虫药耐药性的风险较低 (p(f)=0.047 和 p(f)=0.012)。在考虑所有其他因素的情况下，农场类型、羊群类型以及开放或封闭状态对驱虫药耐药性的发生率没有任何显著影响。
