Beleckė Agnė, Kupčinskas Tomas, Stadalienė Inga, Adomkienė Rasa, Petkevičius Saulius
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Animals (Basel). 2025 May 24;15(11):1542. doi: 10.3390/ani15111542.
Anthelmintic resistance (AR) in gastrointestinal nematodes is a growing global concern that threatens effective parasite control in livestock farming. This study aimed to assess gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) control practices and identify risk factors associated with AR development on Lithuanian sheep farms. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 2022 and 2023 among 71 members of the Lithuanian Sheep Breeders Association, covering farm management, grazing, and deworming practices. Anthelmintics were used by 90.2% of farmers, with most treating their flocks twice a year. Only 18.3% of farmers performed parasitological testing to guide treatments, with significantly more organic farms applying this approach than traditional farms. Treatment frequencies were significantly higher in traditional farms. Most farmers (45.1%) relied on the visual appraisal of sheep weight for dosing, while 35.2% dosed according to the weight of a medium-sized animal. Macrocyclic lactones were the most commonly used anthelmintics (50.7%). Quarantine procedures for new animals were implemented by less than half of the farmers (44.4%), while others treated without isolation (56.6%). These findings indicate reliance on non-strategic parasite control methods and limited use of diagnostics, highlighting the need for improved farmer education to promote sustainable parasite control and reduce AR risk in Lithuanian sheep farms.
胃肠道线虫的抗蠕虫药耐药性（AR）是一个日益引起全球关注的问题，它威胁着畜牧业中寄生虫的有效控制。本研究旨在评估立陶宛绵羊养殖场的胃肠道线虫（GIN）控制措施，并确定与AR发生相关的风险因素。2022年至2023年期间，对立陶宛绵羊养殖者协会的71名成员进行了横断面调查，内容涵盖农场管理、放牧和驱虫措施。90.2%的养殖户使用了抗蠕虫药，大多数养殖户每年对羊群进行两次驱虫。只有18.3%的养殖户进行寄生虫学检测以指导驱虫治疗，采用这种方法的有机农场显著多于传统农场。传统农场的驱虫治疗频率显著更高。大多数养殖户（45.1%）依靠目测绵羊体重来确定用药剂量，而35.2%的养殖户根据中等体型动物的体重来用药。大环内酯类药物是最常用的抗蠕虫药（50.7%）。不到一半的养殖户（44.4%）对新动物实施了隔离程序，而其他养殖户在未隔离的情况下进行治疗（56.6%）。这些发现表明养殖户依赖非策略性的寄生虫控制方法且诊断手段使用有限，凸显了加强养殖户教育以促进可持续寄生虫控制并降低立陶宛绵羊养殖场AR风险的必要性。
