Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Horm Behav. 2012 Aug;62(3):272-9. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.04.010. Epub 2012 Apr 25.
Effective immune responses are coordinated by interactions among the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Mounting immune, inflammatory, and sickness responses requires substantial energetic investments, and as such, an organism may need to balance energy allocation to these processes with the energetic demands of other competing physiological systems. The metabolic hormone leptin appears to be mediating trade-offs between the immune system and other physiological systems through its actions on immune cells and the brain. Here we review the evidence in both mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates that suggests leptin is involved in regulating immune responses, inflammation, and sickness behaviors. Leptin has also been implicated in the regulation of seasonal immune responses, including sickness; however, the precise physiological mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we discuss recent data in support of leptin as a mediator of seasonal sickness responses and provide a theoretical model that outlines how seasonal cues, leptin, and proinflammatory cytokines may interact to coordinate seasonal immune and sickness responses.
有效的免疫反应是由神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统之间的相互作用协调的。免疫、炎症和疾病反应的发生需要大量的能量投入，因此，生物体可能需要在这些过程的能量分配与其他竞争生理系统的能量需求之间取得平衡。代谢激素瘦素似乎通过其对免疫细胞和大脑的作用，在免疫系统和其他生理系统之间的权衡中发挥作用。在这里，我们回顾了哺乳动物和非哺乳动物脊椎动物中的证据，表明瘦素参与了免疫反应、炎症和疾病行为的调节。瘦素也与季节性免疫反应（包括疾病）的调节有关，然而，确切的生理机制尚不清楚。因此，我们讨论了支持瘦素作为季节性疾病反应调节剂的最新数据，并提供了一个理论模型，概述了季节性线索、瘦素和促炎细胞因子如何相互作用以协调季节性免疫和疾病反应。
