Ghent University, Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent, Belgium.
Int J Sports Med. 2012 Jul;33(7):543-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1298000. Epub 2012 May 4.
The present study determined to what extent the variance in performance might be explained by chronological age, biological maturation, training load and anthropometry in 168 Belgian male handball players aged 14 years: anthropometric, strength, speed and sport-specific skills were assessed. MANOVA tested the effect of chronological age and biological maturity, whereas MANCOVA was used to compare maturity groups controlling for chronological age and training load. In addition, canonical correlation analysis was used between age, maturity-offset and anthropometry, on one side, and performance and sport-specific skills, on the other side. Results revealed significant differences between early, on-time and late maturity groups for anthropometry (p<0.001), strength (p<0.001) and sprint 20-m (p<0.05) in favour of the early maturing players. The difference between the mean values of the extreme groups for height was 24.8 cm, for weight 33.2 kg and, for body fat 6.5%; for handgrip 20.2 kg, for 5-jump test 1.1 m and for 20-m sprint 0.20 s. Maturity status had no effect on sport-specific skills. Canonical correlations indicated that poorer scores in sport-specific skills were related to fatness and lack of training. In parallel, a substantial relationship was found between early maturity-offset, body size, strength and 20-m sprint.
本研究旨在确定在 168 名 14 岁的比利时男性手球运动员中，表现的差异在多大程度上可以用年龄、生物成熟度、训练负荷和人体测量学来解释：评估了人体测量学、力量、速度和运动专项技能。MANOVA 检验了年龄和生物成熟度的影响，而 MANCOVA 则用于比较成熟组，同时控制年龄和训练负荷。此外，还使用典型相关分析将年龄、成熟度差距和人体测量学与运动专项技能和表现相关联。结果表明，在人体测量学（p<0.001）、力量（p<0.001）和 20 米冲刺（p<0.05）方面，早期、适时和晚期成熟组之间存在显著差异，有利于早期成熟的运动员。身高、体重和体脂的极值组之间的均值差异分别为 24.8 厘米、33.2 公斤和 6.5%；握力为 20.2 公斤，5 次跳跃测试为 1.1 米，20 米冲刺为 0.20 秒。成熟度对运动专项技能没有影响。典型相关表明，运动专项技能得分较差与肥胖和缺乏训练有关。同时，在早期成熟度差距、身体大小、力量和 20 米冲刺之间发现了实质性的关系。
